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Glial Amino Acid Transporters

2017-08-21 Medical
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Release : 2017-08-21
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 696/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Glial Amino Acid Transporters by : Arturo Ortega

Download or read book Glial Amino Acid Transporters written by Arturo Ortega. This book was released on 2017-08-21. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ambitious compendium provides an extensive overview on the "supporting cells" of the vertebrate central nervous system, these being glial cells which far outnumber neurons but are much less understood. Covering multiple aspects of this family of transporters-- from structural properties, to their involvement in signaling and gene expression regulation, this volume presents the most recent research on the roles of glial amino acid transporters as key molecules of brain metabolism and signaling.

Astrocytes and Epilepsy

2016-07-05 Medical
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Release : 2016-07-05
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 243/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Astrocytes and Epilepsy by : Jacqueline A. Hubbard

Download or read book Astrocytes and Epilepsy written by Jacqueline A. Hubbard. This book was released on 2016-07-05. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epilepsy is a devastating group of neurological disorders characterized by periodic and unpredictable seizure activity in the brain. There is a critical need for new drugs and approaches given than at least one-third of all epilepsy patients are not made free of seizures by existing medications and become "medically refractory". Much of epilepsy research has focused on neuronal therapeutic targets, but current antiepileptic drugs often cause severe cognitive, developmental, and behavioral side effects. Recent findings indicate a critical contribution of astrocytes, star-shaped glial cells in the brain, to neuronal and network excitability and seizure activity. Furthermore, many important cellular and molecular changes occur in astrocytes in epileptic tissue in both humans and animal models of epilepsy. The goal of Astrocytes and Epilepsy is to comprehensively review exciting findings linking changes in astrocytes to functional changes responsible for epilepsy for the first time in book format. These insights into astrocyte contribution to seizure susceptibility indicate that astrocytes may represent an important new therapeutic target in the control of epilepsy. Astrocytes and Epilepsy includes background explanatory text on astrocyte morphology and physiology, epilepsy models and syndromes, and evidence from both human tissue studies and animal models linking functional changes in astrocytes to epilepsy. Beautifully labelled diagrams are presented and relevant figures from the literature are reproduced to elucidate key findings and concepts in this rapidly emerging field. Astrocytes and Epilepsy is written for neuroscientists, epilepsy researchers, astrocyte investigators as well as neurologists and other specialists caring for patients with epilepsy. - Presents the first comprehensive book to synthesize historical and recent research on astrocytes and epilepsy into one coherent volume - Provides a great resource on the field of astrocyte biology and astrocyte-neuron interactions - Details potential therapeutic targets, including chapters on gap junctions, water and potassium channels, glutamate and adenosine metabolism, and inflammation

Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System

2011-08-05 Medical
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Release : 2011-08-05
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 219/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System written by Institute of Medicine. This book was released on 2011-08-05. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glutamate is the most pervasive neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite this fact, no validated biological markers, or biomarkers, currently exist for measuring glutamate pathology in CNS disorders or injuries. Glutamate dysfunction has been associated with an extensive range of nervous system diseases and disorders. Problems with how the neurotransmitter glutamate functions in the brain have been linked to a wide variety of disorders, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, substance abuse, and traumatic brain injury. These conditions are widespread, affecting a large portion of the United States population, and remain difficult to treat. Efforts to understand, treat, and prevent glutamate-related disorders can be aided by the identification of valid biomarkers. The Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders held a workshop on June 21-22, 2010, to explore ways to accelerate the development, validation, and implementation of such biomarkers. Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System: Workshop Summary investigates promising current and emerging technologies, and outlines strategies to procure resources and tools to advance drug development for associated nervous system disorders. Moreover, this report highlights presentations by expert panelists, and the open panel discussions that occurred during the workshop.

The Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle

2016-11-25 Medical
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Release : 2016-11-25
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 964/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle by : Arne Schousboe

Download or read book The Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle written by Arne Schousboe. This book was released on 2016-11-25. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental biochemical studies of basic brain metabolism focusing on the neuroactive amino acids glutamate and GABA combined with the seminal observation that one of the key enzymes, glutamine synthetase is localized in astroglial cells but not in neurons resulted in the formulation of the term “The Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle.” In this cycle glutamate released from neurons is taken up by surrounding astrocytes, amidated by the action of glutamine synthetase to glutamine which can be transferred back to the neurons. The conversion of glutamate to glutamine is like a stealth technology, hiding the glutamate molecule which would be highly toxic to neurons due to its excitotoxic action. This series of reactions require the concerted and precise interaction of a number of enzymes and plasma membrane transporters, and this volume provides in-depth descriptions of these processes. Obviously such a series of complicated reactions may well be prone to malfunction and therefore neurological diseases are likely to be associated with such malfunction of the enzymes and transporters involved in the cycle. These aspects are also discussed in several chapters of the book. A number of leading experts in neuroscience including intermediary metabolism, enzymology and transporter physiology have contributed to this book which provides comprehensive discussions of these different aspects of the functional importance of the glutamate-glutamine cycle coupling homeostasis of glutamatergic, excitatory neurotransmission to basic aspects of brain energy metabolism. This book will be of particular importance for students as well as professionals interested in these fundamental processes involved in brain function and dysfunction.

Neurotransmitter Transporters

1996-10-01 Medical
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Release : 1996-10-01
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 700/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Neurotransmitter Transporters by : Maarten E. A. Reith

Download or read book Neurotransmitter Transporters written by Maarten E. A. Reith. This book was released on 1996-10-01. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive survey of recent advances made in characterizing neurotransmitter transporters-including their imaging in the living brain-and in elucidating the processes underlying biological transport. The expert contributors present up-to-date findings on the molecular cloning of transporters and on neurotransmitter families both in plasma membranes and in storage vesicles. They also provide essential information on the structure-activity relationships for a multitude of recently synthesized dopamine uptake blockers, on transporter changes in the context of human drug abuse, and on the role of transporters in the action of uptake blockers in vivo. The book opens the new frontier of transporters research, authoritatively presenting new insights into their roles in such diseases as brain ischemia and ALS, and into their involvement as targets for antidepressants, antiepileptics, drugs of abuse, and neurotoxins.

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