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Vascular Smooth Muscle: Metabolic, Ionic, and Contractile Mechanisms

2012-12-02 Medical
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Release : 2012-12-02
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 877/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Vascular Smooth Muscle: Metabolic, Ionic, and Contractile Mechanisms by : M.F. III Crass

Download or read book Vascular Smooth Muscle: Metabolic, Ionic, and Contractile Mechanisms written by M.F. III Crass. This book was released on 2012-12-02. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vascular Smooth Muscle: Metabolic, Ionic, and Contractile Mechanisms addresses the vascular smooth muscle function by describing plasma lipoprotein structure, synthesis, and transport in relation to the concepts of altered vascular smooth muscle lipid metabolism leading to the genesis of atherosclerotic disease. This book is organized into six chapters and begins with an introduction to the complexities of energy metabolism and how metabolic events can be correlated with a simultaneous quantitative assessment of smooth muscle mechanics and the contractile machinery at the molecular level. The next two chapters offer the reader a view of smooth muscle membrane properties in terms of the distribution, transport, and metabolic control of electrolytes and specific aspects of ion conductance and electrical activity. This text also explains how smooth muscle cells regulate their contractile activity through regulation of calcium ion fluxes and the interaction, at the molecular level, of calcium ions with regulatory proteins associated with the contractile apparatus. Reference is made to the relation of possible anomalies in cellular or subcellular smooth muscle metabolic and/or ionic events to the bases of certain types of vascular disease. A chapter that examines the events leading to vascular pathology in the form of atherogenesis concludes the book. This book is intended for researchers and clinicians engaged in the study of smooth muscle and related areas.

The Endothelium

2011 Science
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Release : 2011
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 230/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Endothelium by : Michel Félétou

Download or read book The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou. This book was released on 2011. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References

Regulation of the Contractile Cycle in Smooth Muscle

2012-12-06 Medical
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Release : 2012-12-06
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 807/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Regulation of the Contractile Cycle in Smooth Muscle by : Takeshi Nakano

Download or read book Regulation of the Contractile Cycle in Smooth Muscle written by Takeshi Nakano. This book was released on 2012-12-06. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the Mie International Symposium held in Japan in April 1994, leading scientists reviewed recent advances in the understanding of the contractile mechanism in smooth muscle. The present volume collects the papers presented at the symposium, summarizing the latest advances in smooth muscle function and emphasizing important components of the contraction-relaxation cycle. Topics include a discussion of the smooth muscle cell membrane, with emphasis on its ion channels; the regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ levels and the relationship to force in smooth muscle; aspects of the two key regulatory enzymes involved with myosin phosphorylation-dephosphorylation; the molecular basis for pharmacomechanical coupling in smooth muscle; developments in the basic contractile mechanisms involving the crossbridge cycle of tonic and phasic muscle; the role of myosin light chains; and many others. The approach is broad and presents contemporary opinions in pharmacology, physiology, and biochemistry as they relate to smooth muscle function. The book will appeal not only to those working in these disciplines, but to vascular clinicians, obstetric-gynecological physicians, and gastroenterologists as well.

Ionic Actions on Vascular Smooth Muscle

2012-12-06 Medical
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Release : 2012-12-06
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 27X/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Ionic Actions on Vascular Smooth Muscle by : E. Betz

Download or read book Ionic Actions on Vascular Smooth Muscle written by E. Betz. This book was released on 2012-12-06. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the contributions and discussions of the second symposium on vascular smooth muscles held in Ttibingen in February, 1976. It provides an up-to-date review of the role of ions in the trans mission of signals from the perivascular space to the contractile ele ments of the smooth muscle cells. The various aspects are mainly discussed from a functional point of view and only few contributions concern the morphologic variations of cells .during varying ion activity. Special emphasis was placed on the significance of ion variations in the cerebral tissue and their rela tion to metabolic and nervous control of the brain vessels. It could be seen in this symposium that new techniques enabled the in vestigators to make considerable progress in the understanding of the actions and the interactions of ions on the membranes and on the inter nal structures of the smooth muscle cells if one compares the findings with the results of the previous symposium held in Ttibingen in 1972. It became evident that the insight into ionic actions enables the de velopment of powerful tools to be utilized in future therapy of dis turbances of local blood flow regulation. The participants of the symposium render thanks to the Dr. Thiemann GmbH in Ltinen, which supported the symposium and this publication in a generous way. Finally it is a pleasure of the Editor to thank the members of the Physiological Institute of Ttibingen for their encouragement in the ar rangement of the meeting.

Calcium and Contractility

2012-12-06 Science
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Release : 2012-12-06
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 729/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Calcium and Contractility by : A. K. Grover

Download or read book Calcium and Contractility written by A. K. Grover. This book was released on 2012-12-06. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In organizing the present volume, we had two intentions. The first was to present the best current understanding of the mechanisms of calcium mobilization during excitation contraction coupling of smooth muscle at a level suited to the needs of professionals interested in smooth muscle pharmacology and pathophysiology, while remaining appreciable by graduate and medical students. The second intention was to provide in sight into present-day controversies, as well as the latest ad vances achieved by researchers in this field. Thus, we have thor oughly discussed both the techniques and the concepts derived from their application. An attempt has also been made here to answer a number of profoundly important questions: What are the mechanisms and agents responsible for the control of contractility? What are the accompanying changes in the state of intracellular calcium ions and the mechanisms responsible for them? How does the regula tion of contractility occur directly at the level of the actomyosin activity? What role do gap junctions play in cell-to-cell coupling? What are the roles of cholinergic, adrenergic, peptidergic, and nonadrenergic noncholinergic interactions in calcium mobiliza tion in smooth muscle? What changes occur in hypertension? The impact of these recent techniques on future research is also reflected upon.

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