The ubiquitous mechanism accelerating cosmic rays at all the energies

2021-02-04 Science

Author : Antonio Codino
Release : 2021-02-04
Genre : Science
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Book Synopsis The ubiquitous mechanism accelerating cosmic rays at all the energies by : Antonio Codino

Download or read book The ubiquitous mechanism accelerating cosmic rays at all the energies written by Antonio Codino. This book was released on 2021-02-04. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mechanism accelerating Cosmic rays in the milky way galaxy and galaxy clusters is identified and described. The acceleration of Cosmic rays is a purely electrostatic process which operate up to the maximum energies of 1023 ev in galaxy clusters. Galactic Cosmic rays are accelerated in a pervasive electrostatic field active in the whole galaxy except in restricted regions shielded by Interstellar and stellar plasma as, for instance, the region occupied by the Solar system. It is proved that the Energy spectrum of the Cosmic radiation in the milky way galaxy, in the region where the Solar system resides, has a constant Spectral index comprised between 2.64-2.68 and the maximum energies of galactic protons are 3.0 × 1019 ev. The agreement of these results with the experimental data is discussed in detail and highlighted. The various physical processes that maintain the stability of the electrostatic structure in the milky way galaxy are the same that generate the galactic magnetic field. Accordingly, the intensity, orientation and direction of the galactic magnetic field are evaluated. The results of the calculation are compared with the observation data, optical and mostly radio astronomi data. The accord of the intensity, orientation and direction of the observed magnetic field with calculation is excellent.

How electrostatic fields generated by cosmic rays cause the expansion of the nearby universe

2022-12-15 Science

Author : Antonio Codino
Release : 2022-12-15
Genre : Science
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Book Synopsis How electrostatic fields generated by cosmic rays cause the expansion of the nearby universe by : Antonio Codino

Download or read book How electrostatic fields generated by cosmic rays cause the expansion of the nearby universe written by Antonio Codino. This book was released on 2022-12-15. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The positive electric charge transported by the cosmic radiation while migrating from the interiors of galaxy clusters toward the outer intergalactic space, slowly but inevitably, uncovers a negative electric charge of the same amount inside galaxy clusters, where it is mostly retained. Electrons constitute the negative electric charge inside galaxy clusters. The negative charge and the positive one of the overflowed cosmic nuclei in the intergalactic space cannot be neutralized due to the separating, huge distances. After time intervals of a few billion years, electrostatic repulsion among galaxy clusters initiates to contrast gravity and, at longer time spans, dominates. The electrostatic repulsion among galaxy clusters, which always store negative electric charges, determines in a few billion years, a general receding motion of cosmic matter, including smaller celestial bodies dragged in by galaxy clusters. It will be proved that the general receding motion of cosmic matter occurs with increasing velocities of galaxy clusters as far as the corresponding distances from the Earth augment.

Cosmic Rays, Supernova, and the Origin of Ultrahigh Energy Particles

1985

Author :
Release : 1985
Genre :
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Book Synopsis Cosmic Rays, Supernova, and the Origin of Ultrahigh Energy Particles by :

Download or read book Cosmic Rays, Supernova, and the Origin of Ultrahigh Energy Particles written by . This book was released on 1985. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The acceleration of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays, greater than or equal to10/sup 15 -20/ eV, is still an unsolved problem in high-energy astrophysics. The now classical mechanism of stochastic acceleration of cosmic rays in a strong shock in the interstellar or intergalactic medium is limited in time and dimension for all likely acceleration sites, particularly for the highest energies. Acceleration of cosmic rays across a plasma shock of velocity, .beta./sub s/ (.beta./sub s/ = v/sub shock//c), requires 1/.beta./sub s/ number of crossings and therefore (1/.beta./sub s/)2 number of scatterings for doubling the energy of a particle. This requires a space of the order of 1/.beta./sub s/ x the scattering length, or a multiple of the Larmor radius and hence, the space requirements to cosmic ray acceleration are very many Larmor orbits in dimension, as well as times that are larger by (1/.beta./sub s/)2 x t/sub Larmor/. The acceleration of cosmic rays by the shock in the envelope of a Type 1 supernova is reviewed, and the interaction of the accelerated matter with the nearby ISM is considered. The spectrum of relativistic ejected matter is preferentially trapped in the ISM. Further acceleration of each energy group should take place in both the near relativistic shock wave and the compression by the following matter. The possible acceleration of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays in the accretion disk of a near-stationery magnetic neutron star such as Cyg-X3 is another strong possibility. Here the diffusion of magnetic flux radially outwards opposite to the viscous diffusion of mass radially inwards is considered as a likely topology for a unipolar generator acceleration of ultrahigh energy particles.

The Origin of All Cosmic Rays

2001

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Release : 2001
Genre :
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Download or read book The Origin of All Cosmic Rays written by . This book was released on 2001. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a need for one mechanism to accelerate cosmic rays universally over the full energy spectrum, isotropically, and space filling. The current view is a theory based upon a series of mechanisms, patched to fit various spectral regions with a mechanism for the origin of the UHCRs still in doubt. We suggest that the reconnection of force-free magnetic fields produced by the twisting of all imbedded magnetic flux by the vorticity motion of all accretion or condensations both within the Galaxy as well as the metagalaxy is the universal mechanism. This leads to the acceleration of all cosmic rays with both total energy and individual energies up to the highest observed of 3 x 102° ev and predicting an upper limit of 1023 ev. There are three primary, and we believe compelling reasons for adopting this different view of the origin of CRs. (1) The energy source is space filling and isotropic, thereby avoiding any anisotropy's due to single sources, e.g., supernovae remnants and AGN. (2) The galactic and particularly the extragalactic energy source is sufficient to supply the full energy of a universal galactic and extragalactic spectrum of 106° to 1061 ergs sufficient to avoid the GZK cut-off. (3) Efficient E{sub parallel} acceleration from reconnection of force-free fields is well observed in the laboratory whereas collisionless shock acceleration still eludes laboratory confirmation.

Cosmic Ray Physics

2023-03-23 Science

Author : Veronica Bindi
Release : 2023-03-23
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 838/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Cosmic Ray Physics by : Veronica Bindi

Download or read book Cosmic Ray Physics written by Veronica Bindi. This book was released on 2023-03-23. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key features: Complete introductory overview of cosmic ray physics Covers the origins, acceleration, transport mechanisms and detection of these particles Mathematical and technical detail is kept separate from the main text

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