The Power and Accountability of Private Military and Security Companies

2016

Author : Hannah Tonkin
Release : 2016
Genre :
Kind : eBook
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Book Synopsis The Power and Accountability of Private Military and Security Companies by : Hannah Tonkin

Download or read book The Power and Accountability of Private Military and Security Companies written by Hannah Tonkin. This book was released on 2016. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this Chapter, Hannah Tonkin examines in detail the challenges that confront states in supervising and managing private military and security companies (PMSCs) effectively in the field, particularly in weak or conflict-prone states. Effective management of PMSCs is problematic and the stakes are high. For example, there is the potential for PMSCs to challenge state authority and even impede, in the long term, the development of strong public institutions. The rapid proliferation of PMSCs in the 1990s led to a paradigm shift in military security, raising the question of whether democratic constraints are still valid and sufficient for the new institutions that dominate the use of force. Tonkin argues that states have been slow to adjust and have taken inadequate measures to constrain the use of force. There have been recent improvements, however. Tonkin suggests that for PMSCs to fulfill fundamental values, such as the achievement of physical security, their use of force must be democratically constrained. She concludes the chapter with a discussion of improvements in the regulation of PMSCs and the broader questions that remain to be addressed.

Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) and the Quest for Accountability

2019-03-18 History

Author : George Andreopoulos
Release : 2019-03-18
Genre : History
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 536/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) and the Quest for Accountability by : George Andreopoulos

Download or read book Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) and the Quest for Accountability written by George Andreopoulos. This book was released on 2019-03-18. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) have constituted a perennial feature of the security landscape. Yet, it is their involvement in and conduct during the ongoing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan that have transformed the outsourcing of security services into such a pressing public policy and world-order issue. The PMSCs’ ubiquitous presence in armed conflict situations, as well as in post-conflict reconstruction, their diverse list of clients (governments in the developed and developing world, non-state armed groups, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, and international corporations) and, in the context of armed conflict situations, involvement in instances of gross misconduct, have raised serious accountability issues. The prominence of PMSCs in conflict zones has generated critical questions concerning the very concept of security and the role of private force, a rethinking of "essential governmental functions," a rearticulation of the distinction between public/private and global/local in the context of the creation of new forms of "security governance," and a consideration of the relevance, as well as limitations, of existing regulatory frameworks that include domestic and international law (in particular international human rights law and international humanitarian law). This book critically examines the growing role of PMSCs in conflict and post-conflict situations, as part of a broader trend towards the outsourcing of security functions. Particular emphasis is placed on key moral, legal, and political considerations involved in the privatization of such functions, on the impact of outsourcing on security governance, and on the main challenges confronting efforts to hold PMSCs accountable through a combination of formal and informal, domestic as well as international, regulatory mechanisms and processes. It will be of interest to scholars, policymakers, practitioners and advocates for a more transparent and humane security order. This book was published as a special issue of Criminal Justice Ethics.

Private Security, Public Order

2009-11-05 Law

Author : Simon Chesterman
Release : 2009-11-05
Genre : Law
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 275/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Private Security, Public Order by : Simon Chesterman

Download or read book Private Security, Public Order written by Simon Chesterman. This book was released on 2009-11-05. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Private actors are increasingly taking on roles traditionally arrogated to the state. Both in the industrialized North and the developing South, functions essential to external and internal security and to the satisfaction of basic human needs are routinely contracted out to non-state agents. In the area of privatization of security functions, attention by academics and policy makers tends to focus on the activities of private military and security companies, especially in the context of armed conflicts, and their impact on human rights and post-conflict stability and reconstruction. The first edited volume emerging from New York University School of Law's Institute for International Justice project on private military and security companies, From Mercenaries to Market: The Rise and Regulation of Private Military Companies broadened this debate to situate the private military phenomenon in the context of moves towards the regulation of activities through market and non-market mechanisms. Where that first volume looked at the emerging market for use of force, this second volume looks at the transformations in the nature of state authority. Drawing on insights from work on privatization, regulation, and accountability in the emerging field of global administrative law, the book examines private military and security companies through the wider lens of private actors performing public functions. In the past two decades, the responsibilities delegated to such actors - especially but not only in the United States - have grown exponentially. The central question of this volume is whether there should be any limits on government capacity to outsource traditionally "public" functions. Can and should a government put out to private tender the fulfilment of military, intelligence, and prison services? Can and should it transfer control of utilities essential to life, such as the supply of water? This discussion incorporates numerous perspectives on regulatory and governance issues in the private provision of public functions, but focuses primarily on private actors offering services that impact the fundamental rights of the affected population.

From Mercenaries to Market

2007-07-12 Business & Economics

Author : Simon Chesterman
Release : 2007-07-12
Genre : Business & Economics
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 485/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis From Mercenaries to Market by : Simon Chesterman

Download or read book From Mercenaries to Market written by Simon Chesterman. This book was released on 2007-07-12. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frequently characterized as either mercenaries in modern guise or the market's response to a security vaccuum, private military companies are commercial firms offering military services ranging from combat and military training and advice to logistical support, and which play an increasingly important role in armed conflicts, UN peace operations, and providing security in unstable states. Executive Outcomes turned around an orphaned conflict in Sierra Leone in the mid-1990s; Military Professional Resources Incorporated (MPRI) was instrumental in shifting the balance of power in the Balkans, enabling the Croatian military to defeat Serb forces and clear the way for the Dayton negotiations; in Iraq, estimates of the number of private contractors on the ground are in the tens of thousands. As they assume more responsibilities in conflict and post-conflict settings, their growing significance raises fundamental questions about their nature, their role in different regions and contexts, and their regulation. This volume examines these issues with a focus on governance, in particular the interaction between regulation and market forces. It analyzes the current legal framework and the needs and possibilities for regulation in the years ahead. The book as a whole is organized around four sets of questions, which are reflected in the four parts of the book. First, why and how is regulation of PMCs now a challenging issue? Secondly, how have problems leading to a call for regulation manifested in different regions and contexts? Third, what regulatory norms and institutions currently exist and how effective are they? And, fourth, what role has the market to play in regulation?

Regulating Private Military Companies

2019-03-25 Law

Author : Katerina Galai
Release : 2019-03-25
Genre : Law
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 962/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Regulating Private Military Companies by : Katerina Galai

Download or read book Regulating Private Military Companies written by Katerina Galai. This book was released on 2019-03-25. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work examines the ability of existing and evolving PMC regulation to adequately control private force, and it challenges the capacity of international law to deliver accountability in the event of private military company (PMC) misconduct. From medieval to early modern history, private soldiers dominated the military realm and were fundamental to the waging of wars until the rise of a national citizen army. Today, PMCs are again a significant force, performing various security, logistics, and strategy functions across the world. Unlike mercenaries or any other form of irregular force, PMCs acquired a corporate legal personality, a legitimising status that alters the governance model of today. Drawing on historical examples of different forms of governance, the relationship between neoliberal states and private military companies is conceptualised here as a form of a ‘shared governance'. It reflects states’ reliance on PMCs relinquishing a degree of their power and transferring certain functions to the private sector. As non-state actors grow in authority, wielding power, and making claims to legitimacy through self-regulation, other sources of law also become imaginable and relevant to enact regulation and invoke responsibility.

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