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Intelligent Tire Systems

2022-09-28 Technology & Engineering
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Release : 2022-09-28
Genre : Technology & Engineering
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 681/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Intelligent Tire Systems by : Nan Xu

Download or read book Intelligent Tire Systems written by Nan Xu. This book was released on 2022-09-28. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vehicle performance is largely controlled by the tire dynamic characteristics mediated by forces and moments generated at the tire-road contact patch. The tire may undergo deformations that increase the longitudinal and lateral forces within the contact patch. It is crucial to develop a model for the accurate prediction of tire characteristics, as this will enable optimization of the overall performance of vehicles. Research has been conducted to identify new strategies for tire measurement and modeling vehicle dynamics analysis. Autonomous vehicles (AVs), electric vehicles (EVs), shared sets, and connected vehicles have further revolutionized interdisciplinary research on vehicle and tire systems. The performance and reliability of vehicle active safety and advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) are primarily influenced by the tire force capacity, which cannot be measured. High active safety and optimized ADAS are particularly crucial for automated driving systems (ADS) to guarantee passenger safety in intelligent transportation settings. The establishment of online measurement or estimation tools for tire states, especially for autonomous vehicles, is critical.

Towards Intelligent Tire and Self-powered Sensing Systems

2019 Tires
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Release : 2019
Genre : Tires
Kind : eBook
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Book Synopsis Towards Intelligent Tire and Self-powered Sensing Systems by : Hassan Askari

Download or read book Towards Intelligent Tire and Self-powered Sensing Systems written by Hassan Askari. This book was released on 2019. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tires are the interface between a vehicle and the ground providing forces and isolation to the vehicle. For vehicle safety, stability, maintenance, and performance, it is vital to estimate or measure tire forces, inflation pressure, and contact friction coefficient. Estimation methods can predict tire forces to some extent however; they fail in harsh maneuvers and are dependent on road surface conditions for which there is no robust estimation method. Measurement devices for tire forces exist for vehicle testing but at the cost of tens of thousands of dollars. Tire pressure-monitoring sensors (TPMS) are the only sensors available in newer and higher end vehicles to provide tire pressure, but there are no sensors to measure road surface condition or tire forces for production vehicles. With the prospect of autonomous driving on roads in near future, it is paramount to make the vehicles safe on any driving and road condition. This is only possible by additional sensors to make up for the driver's cognitive and sensory system. Measuring road condition and tire forces especially in autonomous vehicles are vital in their safety, reliability, and public confidence in automated driving. Real time measurement of road condition and tire forces in buses and trucks can significantly improve the safety of road transportation system, and in miming/construction and off-road vehicles can improve performance, tire life and reduce operational costs. In this thesis, five different types of sensors are designed, modelled, optimized and fabricated with the objective of developing an intelligent tire. In order to design these sensors,~both electromagnetic generator (EMG) and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) are used. In the first two initial designed sensors, with the combination of EMG and TENG into a single package, two hybridized sensors are fabricated with promising potential for self-powered sensing. The potential of developed sensors are investigated for tire-condition monitoring system (TCMS). Considering the impressive properties of TENG units of the developed hybridized devices, three different flexible nanogenerators, only based on this newly developed technology, are developed for TCMS. The design, modelling, working mechanism, fabrication procedure, and experimental results of these TENG sensors are fully presented for applications in TCMS. Among these three fabricated sensors, one of them shows an excellent capability for TCMS because of its high flexibility, stable and high electrical output,and an encapsulated structure. The high flexibility of developed TENG sensor is a very appealing feature for TCMS, which cannot be found in any available commercial sensor. The fabricated TENG sensors are used for developing an intelligent tire module to be eventually used for road testing. Several laboratory and road tests are performed to study the capability of this newly developed TENG-based sensor for tire-condition monitoring system. However the development of this sensor is in its early stage, it shows a promising potential for installation into the hostile environment of tires and measuring tire-road interacting forces. A comparative studies are provided with respect to Michigan Scientific transducer to investigate the potential of this flexible nanogenerator for TCMS. It is worth mentioning that this PhD thesis presents one of the earliest works on the application of TENG-based sensor for a real-life system. Also, the potential of commercially available thermally and mechanically durable Micro Fiber Composite (MFC) sensor is experimentally investigated for TCMS with fabricating another set of intelligent tire. Several testing scenarios are performed to examine the potential of these sensors for TCMS taking into account a simultaneous measurement from Michigan Scientific transducer. Although both flexibility and the cost of this sensor is not comparable with the fabricated TENG device, they have shown a considerable and reliable performance for online measuring of tire dynamical parameters in different testing scenarios, as they can be used for both energy harvesting and sensing application in TCMS. The extensive road testing results based on the MFC sensors provide a valuable set of data for future research in TCMS. It is experimentally shown that MFC sensor can generate up to 1.4 $\mu W$ electrical power at the speed of 28 $[kph]$. This electrical output shows the high capability of this sensor for self-powered sensing application in TCMS. Results of this thesis can be used as a framework by researchers towards self-powered sensing system for real-world applications such as intelligent tires.

Stretchable flexible sensors for smart tires based on laser-induced graphene technology

2023-04-27 Technology & Engineering
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Release : 2023-04-27
Genre : Technology & Engineering
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Book Synopsis Stretchable flexible sensors for smart tires based on laser-induced graphene technology by : Yang Yue

Download or read book Stretchable flexible sensors for smart tires based on laser-induced graphene technology written by Yang Yue. This book was released on 2023-04-27. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuous feedback on a tire is an essential means to ensure tire safety. Smart tires are an important part of the future vehicle control system, which affects the safety and comfort of vehicles by combining sensors with traditional tires to achieve continuous monitoring of real-time dynamic parameters. A stretchable and flexible sensor made of laser-induced graphene (LIG) and PDMS, designed for use in smart tires, is presented in this work. The sensor is known as a LIG-PDMS sensor. Using transfer printing, LIG is formed on a commercial polyimide film under the scribing of a laser beam following the predesigned route before being transferred to a PDMS film. This technology is used to successfully prepare flexible sensors for measuring the tire road interaction at different driving speeds due to its flexibility and shape-following characteristics. The real-time monitoring of the wheel speed and the shape of the tire grounding mark during the driving process is realized by embedding multiple LIG sensors in the tire to monitor the strain information of the tire grounding. Results show that the tire deformation can be accurately feedbacked with the LIG sensors, demonstrating our method's capability for designing and manufacturing intelligent tires.

Design and Analysis of Intelligent Tires

2017-05 Smart materials
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Release : 2017-05
Genre : Smart materials
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 315/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Design and Analysis of Intelligent Tires by : Xiangwen Zhang

Download or read book Design and Analysis of Intelligent Tires written by Xiangwen Zhang. This book was released on 2017-05. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design and Analysis of Intelligent Tires covers tire temperature, pressure, friction, wear, and aging. While its main focus is intelligent tire properties analysis and application development, it also addresses intelligent technology, control theory, and sensor technology, providing users with strict theoretical analysis and detailed technology design processes for intelligent tires. Systems featured include tire pressure monitoring, vehicle active braking, steering, and tire state intelligent regulating systems. The text will be of interest to a wide swath of professionals, including those working in vehicle electronics, vehicle control technology, and vehicle tire technology. Users will find a plethora of theoretical studies, design methods, and real-world implementations and applications. Provides the critical aspects of intelligent tires, including properties analysis and application development Addresses control theory, sensor technology, and detailed technology design processes Considers the advantages and limitations of different sensors Presents key applications of intelligent tires supported by case studies

Design of a Smart Tire Sensor System

2015 Automobiles
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Release : 2015
Genre : Automobiles
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Book Synopsis Design of a Smart Tire Sensor System by : Jennifer Bastiaan

Download or read book Design of a Smart Tire Sensor System written by Jennifer Bastiaan. This book was released on 2015. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A research project is conducted that involves the design of a smart tire sensor system that can determine six tire outputs, including tire longitudinal force, tire lateral force, tire vertical force, tire aligning moment, tire / road friction coefficient and tire air inflation pressure. All of these quantities are estimated using in-tire deformation sensors. The rationale for conducting the smart tire research project is that its results have the potential to improve ground vehicle safety. The objectives of the research project are to identify the quantity and types of sensors required, determine the sensor locations and orientations in the tire, develop post-processing methods for the raw sensor output and confirm correct operation of the sensor system, which involves prototyping and physical testing. Strain is predicted in the tire inner liner as part of a tire finite element analysis study. The tire finite element model is used to calculate strain (inputs) and tire forces (outputs) for use in artificial neural networks. Results from the radial basis function networks studied are excellent, with calculated tire forces within 1% and tire aligning moment within 1%. The conclusion is that radial basis function networks can likely be used effectively for analysis of strain sensor measurements in the smart tire sensor system. Further studies using virtual strain show that the system should have two in-tire strain sensors located near one another at the outside sidewall, with one oriented longitudinally and the other oriented radially, along with an angular position sensor. Commercially available piezoelectric deformation sensors are installed in this layout, along with a rotary encoder, in a smart tire physical prototype. On-road data collected during physical testing are used with radial basis function neural networks to estimate the three orthogonal tire forces and the tire aligning moment. The networks are found capable of predicting the correct trends in the tire force data over several testing events. While the smart tire sensor system in its current state of development is not production-ready, the research project has resulted in new scientific knowledge that will be the foundation of future smart tire work. Contributions include the identification of in-tire sensor quantity, locations and orientations, confirmation that an angular position measurement is necessary and the determination of the artificial neural network architecture. The most significant remaining smart tire technical hurdle is the identification of a sufficiently durable strain sensor for in-tire use. If this strain sensor can be found, the next steps will include validation of the non-force tire estimates and studies of temperature effects, wireless data transmission and energy harvesting for a battery free design. Despite these outstanding concerns, the results of the smart tire research project show that the concept is feasible and further work is justified.

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