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Intelligence of Apes and Other Rational Beings

2008-10-01 Psychology
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Release : 2008-10-01
Genre : Psychology
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 351/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Intelligence of Apes and Other Rational Beings by : Duane M. Rumbaugh

Download or read book Intelligence of Apes and Other Rational Beings written by Duane M. Rumbaugh. This book was released on 2008-10-01. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is animal intelligence? In what ways is it similar to human intelligence? Many behavioral scientists have realized that animals can be rational, can think in abstract symbols, can understand and react to human speech, and can learn through observation as well as conditioning many of the more complicated skills of life. Now Duane Rumbaugh and David Washburn probe the mysteries of the animal mind even further, identifying an advanced level of animal behavior—emergents—that reflects animals’ natural and active inclination to make sense of the world. Rumbaugh and Washburn unify all behavior into a framework they call Rational Behaviorism and present it as a new way to understand learning, intelligence, and rational behavior in both animals and humans. Drawing on years of research on issues of complex learning and intelligence in primates (notably rhesus monkeys, chimpanzees, and bonobos), Rumbaugh and Washburn provide delightful examples of animal ingenuity and persistence, showing that animals are capable of very creative solutions to novel challenges. The authors analyze learning processes and research methods, discuss the meaningful differences across the primate order, and point the way to further advances, enlivening theoretical material about primates with stories about their behavior and achievements.

Intelligence in Ape and Man (Psychology Revivals)

2014-01-27 Psychology
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Release : 2014-01-27
Genre : Psychology
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 881/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Intelligence in Ape and Man (Psychology Revivals) by : David Premack

Download or read book Intelligence in Ape and Man (Psychology Revivals) written by David Premack. This book was released on 2014-01-27. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is language and what is the nature of the intelligence that can acquire it? This volume, originally published in 1976, describes 10 years of research devoted to these questions. The author describes his programmatic research of decomposing language into atomic constituents, designing and applying training programs for teaching these to chimpanzees, and for teaching chimps major human ontological categories, as well as for interrogative, declarative, and imperative sentence forms. The volume details the progress from teaching apes simple predicates such as same–different, to more complex predicates such as if–then, and the success of the program led to the following questions directly related to intelligence: What made the training program effective? What is the cognitive equipment of the species which enables it to learn language? What does this tell us about human intelligence? The answers were suggested in terms of conceptual structure, representational capacity, memory and the ability to handle second-order relations. The results of this experimentation, which resulted in synonymy in some animals, shed light not only on the nature of language, but the nature of intelligence as well. One of the earliest ape language and intelligence studies, today this classic can be read and enjoyed again in its historical context.

The Mentality of Apes

2018-10-11 Psychology
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Release : 2018-10-11
Genre : Psychology
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 946/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Mentality of Apes by : Wolfgang Kohler

Download or read book The Mentality of Apes written by Wolfgang Kohler. This book was released on 2018-10-11. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wolfgang Koehler demonstrated that chimpanzees could solve problems by applying insight. His research showed that the intellectual gap between humans and chimpanzees was much narrower than previously thought. The work was revolutionary when originally published in 1917 in German, but it was largely ignored for decades because it violated the conventional wisdom that animal behavior is simply the result of instinct or conditioning. However, Koehler's research showed this was not the case. He used four chimps in his experiments, Chica, Grande, Konsul, and Sultan. The experiments consisted of placing chimpanzees in an enclosed area and presenting them with a desired object that was out of reach. In one experiment, Koehler placed bananas outside Sultan's cage and two bamboo sticks inside his cage which needed to be put together to reach the bananas. Koehler demonstrated the solution to Sultan by putting his fingers into the end of one of the sticks. After some contemplation, Sultan put the two sticks together and was able to reach the bananas. As Jaan Valsiner shows in his introduction to this classic work, Koehler's analysis of the intelligence of apes marked a turning point in the psychology of thinking and the continuing struggle between behaviorism and cognitive psychology. Koehler achieved his two-fold aim: to determine the relationship between the intellectual capacity of higher primates and man, and to gain insight into the nature of intelligent acts.

Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are?

2016-04-25 Science
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Release : 2016-04-25
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 191/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are? by : Frans de Waal

Download or read book Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are? written by Frans de Waal. This book was released on 2016-04-25. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New York Times bestseller: "A passionate and convincing case for the sophistication of nonhuman minds." —Alison Gopnik, The Atlantic Hailed as a classic, Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are? explores the oddities and complexities of animal cognition—in crows, dolphins, parrots, sheep, wasps, bats, chimpanzees, and bonobos—to reveal how smart animals really are, and how we’ve underestimated their abilities for too long. Did you know that octopuses use coconut shells as tools, that elephants classify humans by gender and language, and that there is a young male chimpanzee at Kyoto University whose flash memory puts that of humans to shame? Fascinating, entertaining, and deeply informed, de Waal’s landmark work will convince you to rethink everything you thought you knew about animal—and human—intelligence.

'Language' and Intelligence in Monkeys and Apes

1994-01-28 Psychology
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Release : 1994-01-28
Genre : Psychology
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Book Rating : 693/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis 'Language' and Intelligence in Monkeys and Apes by : Sue Taylor Parker

Download or read book 'Language' and Intelligence in Monkeys and Apes written by Sue Taylor Parker. This book was released on 1994-01-28. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first collection of articles completely and explicitly devoted to the new field of 'comparative developmental evolutionary psychology' - that is, to studies of primate abilities based on frameworks drawn from developmental psychology and evolutionary biology. These frameworks include Piagetian and neo-Piagetian models as well as psycholinguistic ones. The articles in this collection - originating in Japan, Spain, Italy, France, Canada and the United States - represent a variety of backgrounds in human and nonhuman primate research, including psycholinguistics, developmental psychology, cultural and physical anthropology, ethology, and comparative psychology. The book focuses on such areas as the nature of culture, intelligence, language, and imitation; the differences among species in mental abilities and developmental patterns; and the evolution of life histories and of mental abilities and their neurological bases. The species studied include the African grey parrot, cebus and macaque monkeys, gorillas, orangutans, and both common and pygmy chimpanzees.

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