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Detecting Activity-evoked PH Changes in Human Brain

2013 Brain
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Release : 2013
Genre : Brain
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : /5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Detecting Activity-evoked PH Changes in Human Brain by : Hye Young Heo

Download or read book Detecting Activity-evoked PH Changes in Human Brain written by Hye Young Heo. This book was released on 2013. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Localized pH changes have been suggested to occur in the brain during normal function. However, a lack of methods for non-invasively measuring pH with high spatial and temporal resolution limits current knowledge of brain pH dynamics. Here I report that a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) strategy named T1 relaxation in the rotating frame (T1[rho]) is sufficiently sensitive to detect widespread pH changes in the mouse and human brain evoked by systemically manipulating carbon dioxide (CO2) or bicarbonate (HCO3). Moreover, T1[rho] detected changes suggesting a localized acidosis in the human visual cortex induced by a flashing checkerboard. Lactate measurements and pH-sensitive 31P spectroscopy at the same site also suggest a localized acidosis. Consistent with the established role for pH in blood flow recruitment, T1[rho] correlated with blood oxygenation level dependent contrast (BOLD), although T1[rho] was directly sensitive to blood oxygen content. These observations provide the strongest evidence thus far for localized pH fluctuations in the human brain during normal function ...

Plum and Posner's Diagnosis and Treatment of Stupor and Coma

2019 Medical
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Release : 2019
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 872/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Plum and Posner's Diagnosis and Treatment of Stupor and Coma by : Jerome B. Posner

Download or read book Plum and Posner's Diagnosis and Treatment of Stupor and Coma written by Jerome B. Posner. This book was released on 2019. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plum and Posner's Diagnosis and Treatment of Stupor and Coma, 5th edition, is a major update of the classic work on diagnosing the cause of coma, with the addition of completely new sections on treatment of comatose patients, by Dr. Jan Claassen, the Director of the Neuro-ICU at Columbia New York Presbyterian Hospital. The first chapter of the book provides an up-to-date review on the brain mechanisms that maintain a conscious state in humans, and how lesions that damage these mechanisms cause loss of consciousness or coma. The second chapter reviews the neurological examination of the comatose patient, which provides the basis for determining whether the patient is suffering from a structural brain injury causing the coma, or from a metabolic disorder of consciousness. The third and fourth chapters review the pathophysiology of structural lesions causing coma, and the specific disease states that result in coma. Chapter five is a comprehensive treatment of the many causes of metabolic coma. Chapter 6 review psychiatric causes of unresponsiveness and how to identify and treat them. Chapters 7 and 8 review the overall emergency treatment of comatose patients, followed by the treatment of specific causes of coma. Chapter 9 examines the long term outcomes of coma, including the minimally conscious state and the persistent vegetative state, and how they can be distinguished, and their implications for eventual useful recovery. Chapter 10 reviews the topic of brain death and the standards for examination of a patient that are required to make the determination of brain death. The final chapter 11 is by J.J. Fins, a medical ethicist who was invited by the other authors to write an essay on the ethics of diagnosis and treatment of patients who, by definition, have no way to approve of or communicate about their wishes. While providing detailed background for neurological and neurosurgical specialists, the practical nature of the material in this book has found its greatest use among Internists, Emergency Medicine, and Intensive Care specialists, who deal with comatose patients frequently, but who may not have had extensive neurological training.

Rational Basis for Clinical Translation in Stroke Therapy

2014-08-27 Medical
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Release : 2014-08-27
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 977/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Rational Basis for Clinical Translation in Stroke Therapy by : Giuseppe Micieli

Download or read book Rational Basis for Clinical Translation in Stroke Therapy written by Giuseppe Micieli. This book was released on 2014-08-27. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stroke remains one of the major causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. Currently, the only approved therapy for the acute treatment of this disease is thrombolysis, a strategy that can only be applied to a small percentage of patients due to its narrow therapeutic window. Unfortunately, during the last years numerous promising drugs that showed neuroprotection in the experimental setting failed to translate into the clinic because of their toxicity or lack of efficacy. Researchers in the field now face the crucial need to develop effective stroke therapies and successfully translate novel strategies into the clinical setting. Rational Basis for Clinical Translation in Stroke Therapy presents the most recent promising preclinical approaches and the most updated clinical evidence for treating stroke patients. By bringing together the experience of accomplished stroke researchers and clinicians, the book is a useful tool for improving the treatment and management of stroke patients. The book describes current approaches for the management of stroke patients including thrombolysis and mechanical recanalization procedures as well as other clinically relevant topics such as diagnosis, imaging, risk factors, and prevention. Also described are emerging interventions based on the use of stem cells, botulinum toxin, and antidepressants which complement emergency stroke treatment and conventional rehabilitation procedures. Clinical approaches are integrated with the most promising therapeutic opportunities based on targeting the immune system, hypothermia, and postconditioning. The book also covers issues related to the improvement of R&D strategies in stroke therapeutics, aimed at the implementation of preclinical approaches with stroke model guidelines and at the optimization of clinical trial design. This volume is a reference for all those interested in the rational development of novel stroke therapeutics.

Ethical Issues in AI for Bioinformatics and Chemoinformatics

2023-11-14 Science
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Release : 2023-11-14
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 042/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Ethical Issues in AI for Bioinformatics and Chemoinformatics by : Yashwant V. Pathak

Download or read book Ethical Issues in AI for Bioinformatics and Chemoinformatics written by Yashwant V. Pathak. This book was released on 2023-11-14. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique volume presents AI in relation to ethical points of view in handling big data sets. Issues such as algorithmic biases, discrimination for specific patterns and privacy breaches may sometimes be skewed to affect research results so that certain fields to appear more appealing to funding agencies. The discussion on the ethics of AI is highly complex due to the involvement of many international stakeholders such as the UN, OECD, parliaments, industry groups, professional bodies, and individual companies. The issue of reliability is addressed including the emergence of synthetic life, 5G networks, intermingling of human artificial intelligence, nano-robots and cyber security tools. Features Discusses artificial intelligence and ethics, the challenges and opportunities Presents the issue of reliability in the emergence of synthetic life, 5G networks, intermingling of human artificial intelligence, nano-robots, and cyber security tools Ethical responsibility and reasoning for using AI in Big Data Addresses practicing medicine and ethical issues when applying artificial intelligence

Issues in Clinical Epileptology: A View from the Bench

2014-07-10 Medical
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Release : 2014-07-10
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 142/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Issues in Clinical Epileptology: A View from the Bench by : Helen E. Scharfman

Download or read book Issues in Clinical Epileptology: A View from the Bench written by Helen E. Scharfman. This book was released on 2014-07-10. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is dedicated to Dr. Philip A. Schwartzkroin. The book has a novel format because it is not intended to be a set of reviews. Instead, it is an effort to explore important topics in the epilepsy research field. Because articles are written by leaders in the field who have years of experience and individuals with diverse expertise, articles are likely to have a long-lasting impact and be relevant for both epileptologists and neuroscientists. Authors address topics that are important, unresolved questions in the field of epilepsy research, drawing on available data from both the bench and the clinic to support their points. A given topic is addressed by one or more authors, each writing from his/her own unique perspective. For all of the individuals who have been trained or worked with Philip Schwartzkroin in the past and/or have appreciated his contributions to the epilepsy field, this volume is an excellent way to celebrate his achievements and look to the ways they have moved the field forward and continue to stimulate its growth.

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