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When (and How) Theory of Mind Is Useful? Evidences from Research in the Life-Span

2017-02-17 Philosophy of mind
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Release : 2017-02-17
Genre : Philosophy of mind
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Book Synopsis When (and How) Theory of Mind Is Useful? Evidences from Research in the Life-Span by : Francesca Baglio

Download or read book When (and How) Theory of Mind Is Useful? Evidences from Research in the Life-Span written by Francesca Baglio. This book was released on 2017-02-17. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theory of Mind (ToM) or mentalization is the ability to understand and foresee the behavior referring to one’s own and others’ mental states (Premack & Woodruff, 1978; Wimmer & Perner, 1983). This capacity, which is considered the most representative mechanism of social cognition, is a multifaceted set of competences liable to influence – and be influenced by – a manifold of psychosocial aspects. Studies on typical and atypical/clinical development during life showed that ToM is frequently delayed (e.g. in deafness) or impaired in many clinical conditions (e.g. Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Schizophrenia, Borderline Personality Disorder, Parkinson’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease) and, on the other hand, may not be unequivocally a positive experience. It is therefore possible to consider the existence of multiple kinds of Theory of Mind. In fact, ToM may vary along a quantitative and a qualitative continuum. As for the quantitative dimension, the continuum is constituted by the fluctuation between high and low levels of ToM ability in different clinical conditions. Along this continuum, impairment can mean “not enough” ToM (for example in Autism Spectrum Disorder) as well as “too much” ToM (for example in Schizophrenia and Borderline Personality Disorder). The qualitative dimension – highly interrelated with the quantitative one - regards the shift between adaptive (e.g. prosocial, nice ToM) vs. unadaptive (e.g. antisocial, nasty ToM) mental states content. The issue is discussed in light of recent evidence from outstanding researchers working on typical and atypical/clinical populations along the life-span. Findings from the fields of psychology, neuropsychology and neuroscience enrich the research topic argumentation.

Theory of Mind

2015-12-09 Neurosciences
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Release : 2015-12-09
Genre : Neurosciences
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 689/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Theory of Mind by : Rebecca Saxe

Download or read book Theory of Mind written by Rebecca Saxe. This book was released on 2015-12-09. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The articles in this special issue use a wide range of techniques and subject populations to address fundamental questions about the cognitive and neural structure of theory of mind.

Gaze-Following

2017-09-25 Psychology
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Release : 2017-09-25
Genre : Psychology
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Book Rating : 016/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Gaze-Following by : Ross Flom

Download or read book Gaze-Following written by Ross Flom. This book was released on 2017-09-25. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does a child’s ability to look where another is looking tell us about his or her early cognitive development? What does this ability—or lack thereof—tell us about a child’s language development, understanding of other’s intentions, and the emergence of autism? This volume assembles several years of research on the processing of gaze information and its relationship to early social-cognitive development in infants spanning many age groups. Gaze-Following examines how humans and non-human primates use another individual’s direction of gaze to learn about the world around them. The chapters throughout this volume address development in areas including joint attention, early non-verbal social interactions, language development, and theory of mind understanding. Offering novel insights regarding the significance of gaze-following, the editors present research from a neurological and a behavioral perspective, and compare children with and without pervasive developmental disorders. Scholars in the areas of cognitive development specifically, and developmental science more broadly, as well as clinical psychologists will be interested in the intriguing research presented in this volume.

Theory of Mind Across the Lifespan

2018-04-09 Philosophy of mind
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Release : 2018-04-09
Genre : Philosophy of mind
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Book Rating : 482/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Theory of Mind Across the Lifespan by : Daniel M. Bernstein

Download or read book Theory of Mind Across the Lifespan written by Daniel M. Bernstein. This book was released on 2018-04-09. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theory of mind ¿ precursors, lifespan development, expression, and in human-robot interactionsTheory of mind (ToM) ¿ the ability to attribute mental states to oneselfand to others ¿ is known to develop from infancy, and to improve markedly in early childhood. What we don¿t know is how ToM develops, changes, and expresses itself after early childhood and across the lifespan.The contributions in this volume aim to further our understanding in this field. They include a ystematic review of longitudinal ToM tesearch that identifies several precursors to ToM development, including cognitive abilities and behavioral experiences. There is also a look at the associations between age, executive function, and ¿life history ToM,¿ i.e., the recognition that prior life experiences influence how individuals think, feel, and make decisions about the future. In addition,human¿robot interaction is investigated, as humans of all ages ascribe mental states to robots ¿ the more human a robot appears andacts, the more ¿like me¿ we view and treat it.

Theory of Mind

2012-08-21 Education
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Release : 2012-08-21
Genre : Education
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Book Rating : 580/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Theory of Mind by : Scott A. Miller

Download or read book Theory of Mind written by Scott A. Miller. This book was released on 2012-08-21. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to provide a comprehensive review of the burgeoning literature on theory of mind (TOM) after the preschool years and the first to integrate this literature with other approaches to the study of social understanding. By highlighting the relationship between early and later developments, the book provides readers with a greater understanding of what we know and what we still need to know about higher-order TOM. Although the focus is on development in typical populations, development in individuals with autism and in older adults is also explored to give readers a deeper understanding of possible problems in development. Examining the later developments of TOM gives readers a greater understanding of: Developments that occur after the age of 5. Individual differences in rate of development and atypical development and the effects of those differences. The differences in rate of mastery which become more marked, and therefore more informative, with increased age. What it means to have a “good theory of mind.” The differences between first- and second- order theory of mind development in preschoolers, older children, adolescents, and adults. The range of beliefs available to children at various ages, providing a fuller picture of what is meant by “understanding of belief.” After the introduction, the literature on first-order developments during the preschool period is summarized to serve as a backdrop for understanding more advanced developments. Chapter 3 is devoted to the second-order false belief task. Chapters 4 and 5 introduce a variety of other measures for understanding higher-level forms of TOM thereby providing readers with greater insight into other cognitive and social developmental outcomes. Chapter 6 discusses the relation between children’s TOM abilities and other aspects of their development. Chapters 7 and 8 place the work in a historical context. First, the research on the development of social and mental worlds that predated the emergence of TOM is examined. Chapter 8 then provides a comparative treatment of the two literatures and how they complement one another. Ideal as a supplement in graduate or advanced undergraduate courses in theory of mind, cognitive development, or social development taught in psychology and education. Veteran researchers will also appreciate this book‘s unique synthesis of this critical research.

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