Volcanic Plumes

1997-09-16 Nature

Author : R. S. J. Sparks
Release : 1997-09-16
Genre : Nature
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : /5 ( reviews)

GET EBOOK

Book Synopsis Volcanic Plumes by : R. S. J. Sparks

Download or read book Volcanic Plumes written by R. S. J. Sparks. This book was released on 1997-09-16. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volcanic plumes, made up of material that has explosively erupted from a volcano, are of fundamental importance to volcanology because their deposits record the past activity of a volcano. They also pose a wide range of hazards to humans and can have significant environmental effects. This book integrates observation, theory, and experimental studies and contains recent research ideas and results.

Volcanic Plumes

2019-03-21 Science

Author : Pasquale Sellitto
Release : 2019-03-21
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 288/5 ( reviews)

GET EBOOK

Book Synopsis Volcanic Plumes by : Pasquale Sellitto

Download or read book Volcanic Plumes written by Pasquale Sellitto. This book was released on 2019-03-21. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volcanoes release plumes of gas and ash to the atmosphere during episodes of passive and explosive behavior. These ejecta have important implications for the chemistry and composition of the troposphere and stratosphere, with the capacity to alter Earth's radiation budget and climate system over a range of temporal and spatial scales. Volcanogenic sulphur dioxide reacts to form sulphate aerosols, which increase global albedo, e.g., by reducing surface temperatures, in addition to perturbing the formation processes and optical properties of clouds. Released halogen species can also deplete stratospheric and tropospheric ozone. Volcanic degassing, furthermore, played a key role in the formation of Earth’s atmosphere, and volcanic plumes can affect air quality, pose hazards to aviation and human health, as well as damage ecosystems. The chemical compositions and emission rates of volcanic plumes are also monitored via a range of direct-sampling and remote-sensing instrumentation, in order to gain insights into subterranean processes, in the respect of the magmatic bodies these volatiles exsolve from. Given the significant role these gases play in driving volcanic activity, e.g., via pressurisation, the study of volcanic plumes is proving to be an increasingly fruitful means of improving our understanding of volcanic systems, potentially in concert with observations from geophysics and contributions from fluid dynamical modelling of conduit dynamics. This Special Issue is aimed at presenting the state of the art of the multidisciplinary science concerning all aspects of volcanic plumes, of relevance to the volcanology, climatology, atmospheric science, and remote sensing communities.

The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes

2015-03-06 Science

Author : Haraldur Sigurdsson
Release : 2015-03-06
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 395/5 ( reviews)

GET EBOOK

Book Synopsis The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes by : Haraldur Sigurdsson

Download or read book The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes written by Haraldur Sigurdsson. This book was released on 2015-03-06. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volcanoes are unquestionably one of the most spectacular and awe-inspiring features of the physical world. Our paradoxical fascination with them stems from their majestic beauty and powerful, sometimes deadly, destructiveness. Notwithstanding the tremendous advances in volcanology since ancient times, some of the mystery surrounding volcanic eruptions remains today. The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes summarizes our present knowledge of volcanoes; it provides a comprehensive source of information on the causes of volcanic eruptions and both the destructive and beneficial effects. The early chapters focus on the science of volcanism (melting of source rocks, ascent of magma, eruption processes, extraterrestrial volcanism, etc.). Later chapters discuss human interface with volcanoes, including the history of volcanology, geothermal energy resources, interaction with the oceans and atmosphere, health aspects of volcanism, mitigation of volcanic disasters, post-eruption ecology, and the impact of eruptions on organismal biodiversity. Provides the only comprehensive reference work to cover all aspects of volcanology Written by nearly 100 world experts in volcanology Explores an integrated transition from the physical process of eruptions through hazards and risk, to the social face of volcanism, with an emphasis on how volcanoes have influenced and shaped society Presents hundreds of color photographs, maps, charts and illustrations making this an aesthetically appealing reference Glossary of 3,000 key terms with definitions of all key vocabulary items in the field is included

Recent Advances in Volcanic Gas Science

2020-01-23

Author : Andrew McGonigle
Release : 2020-01-23
Genre :
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 829/5 ( reviews)

GET EBOOK

Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Volcanic Gas Science by : Andrew McGonigle

Download or read book Recent Advances in Volcanic Gas Science written by Andrew McGonigle. This book was released on 2020-01-23. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volcanoes release gases to the atmosphere both during and between eruptive phases. Primary and secondary processes occurring within the mantle and crust control the gases’ chemical and isotopic compositions as well as their emission rates. Therefore by measuring these gases a wealth of scientific information concerning the source and fate of these fluids is provided. Fluid geochemistry has been highly useful in advancing both our fundamental scientific understanding and procedures for operational volcano monitoring and eruption forecasting. Gases from low-to-high temperature fumaroles and those diffusively released through the soils of volcanic flanks are investigated using various sampling and measurement techniques. Furthermore, a variety of remote sensing methods are applied at relatively great distances from the source to gather major gas composition and flux data for volcanic plumes using ground based, airborne (including UAV) and space borne platforms. The acquired data have advanced science in a number of key ways: • firstly, with parallel thermodynamical modelling to advance our capacity to interpret acquired degassing data; • secondly, through improved constraints on budgets for volcanically mediated geochemical cycling, particularly via regional subduction processes; • thirdly, through improved constraints on the effects of volcanic gases on atmospheric composition, chemistry and radiative transfer, particularly in terms of halogen chemistry, volcanogenic climate change and impacts on human health; • fourthly, there has been a growing body of work focused on combining degassing data with contemporaneous geophysical data and studies on conduit fluid dynamics to advance our understanding of how subterranean gas flow mediates activity at the surface; • and fifthly, there have been considerable advances in the methods themselves, used to make the gas measurements, in particular in terms of extractive sampling (e.g., using MultiGAS units, mass spectrometry, spectroscopic isotope measurement approaches and diffusive denuder sampling) and remote sensing approaches (e.g., DOAS, UV cameras and other imaging techniques, LIDAR and FT)

Modeling Volcanic Processes

2013-03-14 Nature

Author : Sarah A. Fagents
Release : 2013-03-14
Genre : Nature
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 43X/5 ( reviews)

GET EBOOK

Book Synopsis Modeling Volcanic Processes by : Sarah A. Fagents

Download or read book Modeling Volcanic Processes written by Sarah A. Fagents. This book was released on 2013-03-14. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An advanced textbook and reference resource examining the physics of volcanic behavior and the state of the art in modeling volcanic processes.

Popular eBooks

Volcanic Plumes

Volcanic Plumes

The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes

Recent Advances in Volcanic Gas Science

Modeling Volcanic Processes

You may also like...