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Use of 3-dimensional Dynamic Modeling of CO2 Injection for Comparison to Regional Static Capacity Assessments of Miocene Sandstone Reservoirs in the Texas State Waters, Gulf of Mexico

2013
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Release : 2013
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Book Synopsis Use of 3-dimensional Dynamic Modeling of CO2 Injection for Comparison to Regional Static Capacity Assessments of Miocene Sandstone Reservoirs in the Texas State Waters, Gulf of Mexico by : Kerstan Josef Wallace

Download or read book Use of 3-dimensional Dynamic Modeling of CO2 Injection for Comparison to Regional Static Capacity Assessments of Miocene Sandstone Reservoirs in the Texas State Waters, Gulf of Mexico written by Kerstan Josef Wallace. This book was released on 2013. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geologic sequestration has been suggested as a viable method for greenhouse gas emission reduction. Regional studies of CO2 storage capacity are used to estimate available storage, yet little work has been done to tie site specific results to regional estimates. In this study, a 9,258,880 acre (37469.4 km2) area of the coastal and offshore Texas Miocene interval is evaluated for CO2 storage capacity using a static volumetric approach, which is essentially a discounted a pore volume calculation. Capacity is calculated for the Miocene interval above overpressure depth and below depths where CO2 is not supercritical. The goal of this study is to determine the effectiveness of such a regional capacity assessment, by performing refinement techniques that include simple analytical and complex reservoir injection simulations. Initial refinement of regional estimates is performed through net sand picking which is used instead of the gross thickness assumed in the standard regional calculation. The efficiency factor is recalculated to exclude net-to-gross considerations, and a net storage capacity estimate is calculated. Initial reservoir-scale refinement is performed by simulating injection into a seismically mapped saline reservoir, near San Luis Pass. The refinement uses a simplified analytical solution that solves for pressure and fluid front evolution through time (Jain and Bryant, 2011). Porosity, permeability, and irreducible water saturation are varied to generate model runs for 6,206 samples populated using data from the Atlas of Northern Gulf of Mexico Gas and Oil Reservoirs (Seni, 2006). As a final refinement step, a 3D dynamic model mesh is generated. Nine model cases are generated for homogeneous, statistically heterogeneous, and seismic-based heterogeneous meshes to observe the effect of various geologic parameters on injection capacity. We observe downward revisions (decreases) in total capacity estimation with increasingly refined geologic data and scale. Results show that estimates of storage capacity can decrease significantly (by as much as 88%) for the single geologic setting investigated. Though this decrease depends on the criteria used for capacity comparison and varies within a given region, it serves to illustrate the potential overestimation of regional capacity assessments compared to estimates that include additional geologic complexity at the reservoir scale.

Geologic Characterization and Modeling for Quantifying CO2 Storage Capacity of the High Island 10-L Field in Texas State Waters, Offshore Gulf of Mexico

2019
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Release : 2019
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Book Synopsis Geologic Characterization and Modeling for Quantifying CO2 Storage Capacity of the High Island 10-L Field in Texas State Waters, Offshore Gulf of Mexico by : Omar Ramirez Garcia

Download or read book Geologic Characterization and Modeling for Quantifying CO2 Storage Capacity of the High Island 10-L Field in Texas State Waters, Offshore Gulf of Mexico written by Omar Ramirez Garcia. This book was released on 2019. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is a promising technology for mitigating climate change by reducing CO2 emissions to the atmosphere and injecting captured industrial emissions into deep geologic formations. Deep subsurface storage in geologic formations is similar to trapping natural hydrocarbons and is one of the key components of CCS technology. The quantification of the available subsurface storage resource is the subject of this research project. This study focuses on site-specific geologic characterization, reservoir modeling, and CO2 storage resource assessment (capacity) of a depleted oil and gas field located on the inner continental shelf of the Gulf of Mexico, the High Island 10L field. lower Miocene sands in the Fleming Group beneath the regional transgressive Amphistegina B shale have extremely favorable geologic properties (porosity, thickness, extent) and are characterized in this study utilizing 3-D seismic and well logs. Key stratigraphic surfaces between maximum flooding surfaces (MFS-9 to MFS-10) demonstrate how marine regression and transgression impact the stacking pattern of the thick sands and overlying seals, influencing the overall potential for CO2 storage. One of the main uncertainties when assessing CO2 storage resources at different scales is to determine the fraction of the pore space within a formation that is practically accessible for storage. The goal of the modeling section of this project is to address the uncertainty related to the static parameters affecting calculations of available pore space by creating facies and porosity geostatistical models based on the spatial variation of the available data. P50 values for CO2 storage capacity range from 37.56 to 40.39 megatonnes (Mt), showing a narrow distribution of values for different realizations of the geostatistical models. An analysis of the pressure build-up effect on storage capacity was also performed, showing a reduction in capacity. This research further validates the impact of the current carbon tax credit program (45Q), applied directly to the storage resources results for the High Island field 10L using a simple NPV approach based on discounted cash flows. Several scenarios are assessed, where the main variables are the duration of the applicability of the tax credit, number of injection wells, and total storage capacity. Results are measured in terms of the cost of capture required for a project to be economic, given previous assumptions.

Gulf of Mexico Miocene CO2 Site Characterization Mega Transect

2014
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Release : 2014
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Book Synopsis Gulf of Mexico Miocene CO2 Site Characterization Mega Transect by :

Download or read book Gulf of Mexico Miocene CO2 Site Characterization Mega Transect written by . This book was released on 2014. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project characterized the Miocene-age sub-seafloor stratigraphy in the near-offshore portion of the Gulf of Mexico adjacent to the Texas coast. The large number of industrial sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) in coastal counties and the high density of onshore urbanization and environmentally sensitive areas make this offshore region extremely attractive for long-term storage of carbon dioxide emissions from industrial sources (CCS). The study leverages dense existing geologic data from decades of hydrocarbon exploration in and around the study area to characterize the regional geology for suitability and storage capacity. Primary products of the study include: regional static storage capacity estimates, sequestration "leads" and prospects with associated dynamic capacity estimates, experimental studies of CO2-brine-rock interaction, best practices for site characterization, a large-format 'Atlas' of sequestration for the study area, and characterization of potential fluid migration pathways for reducing storage risks utilizing novel high-resolution 3D (HR3D) seismic surveys. In addition, three subcontracted studies address source-to-sink matching optimization, offshore well bore management and environmental aspects. The various geologic data and interpretations are integrated and summarized in a series of cross-sections and maps, which represent a primary resource for any near-term commercial deployment of CCS in the area. The regional study characterized and mapped important geologic features (e.g., Clemente-Tomas fault zone, the regionally extensive Marginulina A and Amphistegina B confining systems, etc.) that provided an important context for regional static capacity estimates and specific sequestration prospects of the study. A static capacity estimate of the majority of the Study area (14,467 mi2) was estimated at 86 metric Gigatonnes. While local capacity estimates are likely to be lower due to reservoir-scale characteristics, the offshore Miocene interval is a storage resource of National interest for providing CO2 storage as an atmospheric emissions abatement strategy. The natural petroleum system was used as an analog to infer seal quality and predict possible migration pathways of fluids in an engineered system of anthropogenic CO2 injection and storage. The regional structural features (e.g., Clemente-Tomas fault zone) that exert primary control on the trapping and distribution of Miocene hydrocarbons are expected to perform similarly for CCS. Industrial-scale CCS will require storage capacity utilizing well-documented Miocene hydrocarbon (dominantly depleted gas) fields and their larger structural closures, as well as barren (unproductive, brine-filled) closures. No assessment was made of potential for CO2 utilization for enhanced oil and gas recovery. The use of 3D numerical fluid flow simulations have been used in the study to greatly assist in characterizing the potential storage capacity of a specific reservoir. Due to the complexity of geologic systems (stratigraphic heterogeneity) and inherent limitations on producing a 3D geologic model, these simulations are typically simplified scenarios that explore the influence of model property variability (sensitivity study). A specific site offshore San Luis Pass (southern Galveston Island) was undertaken successfully, indicating stacked storage potential. Downscaling regional capacity estimates to the local scale (and the inverse) has proven challenging, and remains an outstanding gap in capacity assessments. In order to characterize regional seal performance and identify potential brine and CO2 leakage pathways, results from three high-resolution 3D (HR3D) seismic datasets acquired by the study using novel HR3D (P-Cable) acquisition system showed steady and significant improvements in data quality because of improved acquisition and processing technique. Finely detailed faults and stratigraphy in the shallowest 1000 milliseconds (~800 m) of data ...

Pre-injection Reservoir Characterization for CO2 Storage in the Inner Continental Shelf of the Texas Gulf of Mexico

2017
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Release : 2017
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Book Synopsis Pre-injection Reservoir Characterization for CO2 Storage in the Inner Continental Shelf of the Texas Gulf of Mexico by : Reinaldo Jose Sabbagh

Download or read book Pre-injection Reservoir Characterization for CO2 Storage in the Inner Continental Shelf of the Texas Gulf of Mexico written by Reinaldo Jose Sabbagh. This book was released on 2017. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The injection of CO2 into the subsurface (carbon capture and storage; CCS) is the most viable approach to significantly reduce industrial emissions of greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere. The inner continental shelf of the northern Gulf of Mexico has incredible potential for CO2 storage. This study quantitatively evaluates the CO2 storage capacity of the Lower Miocene brine-filled sandstones in the inner continental shelf of the Texas Gulf of Mexico using 3D seismic and well log data. The first part of this work investigates the relationship between elastic properties and reservoir properties (e.g., porosity, mineralogy, and pore fluid) of the Lower Miocene section using rock physics modeling and simultaneous seismic inversion. The elastic properties are related to porosity, mineralogy and pore fluid using rock physics models. These rock physics transforms are then applied to the seismically derived elastic properties to estimate the porosity and lithology away from the wells. The porosity and lithology distribution derived using this quantitative method can be interpreted to predict the best areas for CO2 storage in the inner continental shelf of the Texas Gulf of Mexico. The second part of this work studies the effect that CO2 has on the elastic properties of the Lower Miocene rocks using fluid substitution, amplitude variation with angle (AVA), and statistical classification to determine the ability of the seismic method to successfully monitor CO2 injected into the subsurface. The velocities and density well logs were modeled with different fluid saturations. To characterize the seismic properties corresponding to these different fluid saturations, the AVA responses and probability density functions were calculated and used for statistical classification. The AVA modeling shows a high sensitivity to CO2 due to the soft clastic framework of the Lower Miocene sandstones. The statistical classification successfully discriminates between brine and CO2 saturation using Vp/Vs and P-impedance. These results shows that the Lower Miocene sandstones have the capacity to host CO2, and that the CO2 injected in these rocks is likely to be successfully monitored using seismic methods.

Characterizing Reservoir Quality for Geologic Storage of CO2

2021
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Release : 2021
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Book Synopsis Characterizing Reservoir Quality for Geologic Storage of CO2 by : Harry Lejeune Hull

Download or read book Characterizing Reservoir Quality for Geologic Storage of CO2 written by Harry Lejeune Hull. This book was released on 2021. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The geologic storage of anthropogenic CO2 through Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) is necessary to reduce the emissions produced as a biproduct of fossil fuel combustion. This process of injecting CO2 into the subsurface is known as carbon sequestration and requires the assessment of geologic reservoirs. Depositional processes and the resulting facies and stratigraphic architectures have great influence over reservoir volumetrics and behavior. The objective of this study is to constrain the depositional controls on storage capacity. A subsurface Lower Miocene 2 strandplain/barrier bar complex of the Texas Gulf Coast at Matagorda bay is interpreted and modeled using well data and 3D seismic. These data reveal the presence of a major shore zone that experienced initial progradation through the late highstand and into the lowstand before later retrogradation. The LM2 is then capped by a thick regional shale. A stratigraphic framework is built that captures these changes in shoreline position at both the systems tract and parasequences level. Sediments were strike fed and wave-dominated processes are apparent. Petrophysical properties of this region including porosity are modeled from with machine learning from log data. Machine learning to predict porosity is carried out using a random forest regression in which porosity is a function of lithology and depth. Finally, a 3D reservoir model is built integrating the stratigraphic, facies, and petrophysical properties. Static storage capacity estimates and storage capacity maps are created from the 3D model. Storage capacity is observed to occur at a strike parallel geometry. This “axis” of highest storage capacity tracts with the position of the shore zone in vertical succession highlighting a dependence on the balance between the generation of accommodation and sediment supply. At a higher resolution storage capacity is observed highest within the foreshore where beach ridges are interpreted from seismic stratal slices. High wave energy processes at this position in the shoreline profile are known to create well sorted and therefore highly porous sandstones. Storage capacity is then a direct function of the high wave energy paleo-depositional processes occurring at the shoreline

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