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Ultra-Low-Power and High-Sensitivity Wake-Up Receivers for IoT Applications

2020
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Release : 2020
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Book Synopsis Ultra-Low-Power and High-Sensitivity Wake-Up Receivers for IoT Applications by : Po-Han Wang

Download or read book Ultra-Low-Power and High-Sensitivity Wake-Up Receivers for IoT Applications written by Po-Han Wang. This book was released on 2020. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wireless communication circuits often dominate the power consumption of Internet of Things (IoT) devices such as small battery-powered commercial wearables or low-power-wide-area-network (LPWAN) environmental sensors for infrastructure. More specifically, a large fraction of this power comes from node-to-hub or node-to-node networking requirements, especially when such devices communicate with low-to-medium average throughput. To reduce this power, instead of duty-cycling the main receiver, employing an auxiliary wake-up receiver (WuRX) that monitors the RF spectrum for a pre-defined wake-up signature either continuously or in duty-cycle fashion has been proved to be an effective solution. In this thesis, WuRX designs targeting ultra-low-power and high sensitivity for different usage scenarios are investigated. First, a WuRX for emerging LPWAN applications targeting to be used with the always-on WuRX communication protocol is presented. This design explores architecture-level and circuit-level techniques to operate with near-zero power consumption while achieving high sensitivity. Moreover, an active and a passive envelope detector (ED) that employ pseudo-balun architectures are also proposed, which further improve sensitivity and enable operation at a higher frequency band. On the other hand, WuRXs for commercial applications targeting to be used primarily with the duty-cycled WuRX communication protocol while being compatible with well-established wireless standards are also presented. First, a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) WuRX achieves low power, high sensitivity, interference-resiliency, and standard-compatibility through a combination of communication and circuit techniques, including high-Q filtering by a bank of FBAR resonators and a frequency-hopped mixer-first RF front-end that responds to a 4-dimensional (4-D) wake-up signature. This work is then further enhanced to achieve higher sensitivity while maintaining comparable interference-resiliency and power without the off-chip FBAR filters for a fully integrated solution. More importantly, this enhanced design is the first dual-mode WuRX compatible with both BLE and Wi-Fi transmitters, thanks to a carefully architected frequency plan that supports BLE advertisement channel hopping or a proposed subcarrier-based within-channel Wi-Fi frequency hopping scheme. As a result, the presented WuRX designs could potentially help enable new wireless IoT applications, particularly those that have low-to-medium average throughput requirements.

Ultra-low-power Low-area Wake-up Receiver for IoT Applications

2021
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Release : 2021
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Book Synopsis Ultra-low-power Low-area Wake-up Receiver for IoT Applications by : 袁祥程

Download or read book Ultra-low-power Low-area Wake-up Receiver for IoT Applications written by 袁祥程. This book was released on 2021. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Ultra Low Power, High Sensitivity Secure Wake-up Receiver for the Internet of Things

2017
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Release : 2017
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Book Synopsis Ultra Low Power, High Sensitivity Secure Wake-up Receiver for the Internet of Things by : Mohamed Radwan Abdelhamid

Download or read book Ultra Low Power, High Sensitivity Secure Wake-up Receiver for the Internet of Things written by Mohamed Radwan Abdelhamid. This book was released on 2017. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internet of Things (IoT) is emerging as the technology of the future where an estimate of billions of devices around us will be connected to the internet. When all of these sensors and nodes get connected to the cloud, a huge portion of their energy is consumed by their wireless communication systems. However, most of the sensors and nodes have a highly constrained power budget or even operate using a batteryless energy-harvesting scheme. With tons of data being transmitted through the IoT nodes, the specifications dictate an ultra low power design with secure communication. An ultra low power wake-up receiver integrated circuit is designed which can wake any node up using Bluetooth-LE. A new system level design methodology is introduced to map the higher level specifications to circuit level requirements with optimized duty cycling. A low power architecture is presented utilizing a mixer-first architecture along with a low power free-running oscillator. The system is designed to be highly programmable in order to track the local oscillator frequency variations through a cascade of reconfigurable filters along the receiver chain. While the whole system is optimized to be duty cycled in a scheme suitable for receiving the Bluetooth LE advertising packets, the local oscillator is also duty-cycled within the short interval of active operation in a harmonic rejection scheme for a 33% further power reduction. A prototype wake-up receiver with BLE compliance was designed using 65nm CMOS technology. The receiver correlates to a 32-bit reconfigurable wake-up pattern at a -90 dBm sensitivity using the advertising packets only without an actual connection. The system operates from a 0.7 V supply and consumes a 1 [mu]iW at a latency of a couple of seconds through incorporating an optimized system level duty cycling and within-bit duty cycling schemes. The power consumption can be be further scaled down to 400 nW or less at a latency of ten seconds or greater making it suitable for low power and low datarate IoT transceivers.

Ultra-Low-Power Sensors and Receivers for IoT Applications

2019
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Release : 2019
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Book Synopsis Ultra-Low-Power Sensors and Receivers for IoT Applications by : Haowei Jiang

Download or read book Ultra-Low-Power Sensors and Receivers for IoT Applications written by Haowei Jiang. This book was released on 2019. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combination of ultra-low power analog front-ends and CMOS-compatible transducers enable new applications, such as environmental monitors, household appliances, health trackers, etc. that are seamlessly integrated into our daily lives. Furthermore, wireless connectivity allows many of these sensors to operate both independently and collectively. These techniques collectively fulfil the recent surge of internet-of-things (IoT) applications that have the potential to fundamentally change daily life for millions of people. In this dissertation, the circuit and system design of wireless receivers and sensors is presented that explores the challenges of implementing long lifespan, high accuracy, and large coverage range IoT sensor networks. The first is a wake-up receiver (WuRX), which continuously monitors the RF environment to wake up a higher-power radio upon detection of a predetermined RF signature. This work both improves sensitivity and reduces power over prior art through a multi-faceted design featuring an impedance transformation network with large passive voltage gain, an active envelope detector with high input impedance to facilitate large passive voltage gain, a low-power precision comparator, and a low-leakage digital baseband correlator. Although pushing the prior WuRX performance boundary by orders of magnitude, the first work shows moderate sensitivity, inferior temperature robustness, and large area with external lumped components. Thus, the second work shows a miniaturized WuRX that is temperature-compensated, yet still consumes only nano-watt power and millimeter area while operating at 9 GHz. To further reduce the area, a global common-mode feedback is utilized across the envelope detector and baseband amplifier that eliminates the need for off-chip ac-coupling components. Multiple temperature-compensation techniques are proposed to maintain constant bandwidth of the signal path and constant clock frequency. Both WuRXs operate at 0.4 V supply, consume near-zero power and achieve ~-70 dBm sensitivity. Lastly, the first reported CMOS 2-in-1 relative humidity and temperature sensor is presented. A unified analog front-end interfaces on-chip transducers and converts the inputs into a frequency vis a high-linearity frequency-locked loop. An incomplete-settling switched-capacitor-based Wheatstone bridge is proposed to sense the inputs in a power-efficient fashion.

Ultra-Low Power FM-UWB Transceivers for IoT

2022-09-01 Technology & Engineering
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Release : 2022-09-01
Genre : Technology & Engineering
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Book Rating : 490/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Ultra-Low Power FM-UWB Transceivers for IoT by : Vladimir Kopta

Download or read book Ultra-Low Power FM-UWB Transceivers for IoT written by Vladimir Kopta. This book was released on 2022-09-01. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades we have witnessed the increasing popularity of the internet of things. The vision of billions of connected objects, able to interact with their environment, is the key driver directing the development of future communication devices. Today, power consumption as well as the cost and size of radios remain some of the key obstacles towards fulfilling this vision. Ultra-Low Power FM-UWB Transceivers for IoT presents the latest developments in the field of low power wireless communication. It promotes the FM-UWB modulation scheme as a candidate for short range communication in different IoT scenarios. The FM-UWB has the potential to provide exactly what is missing today. This spread spectrum technique enables significant reduction in transceiver complexity, making it smaller, cheaper and more energy efficient than most alternative options. The book provides an overview of both circuit-level and architectural techniques used in low power radio design, with a comprehensive study of state-of-the-art examples. It summarizes key theoretical aspects of FM-UWB with a glimpse at potential future research directions. Finally, it gives an insight into a full FM-UWB transceiver design, from system level specifications down to transistor level design, demonstrating the modern power reduction circuit techniques. Ultra-Low Power FM-UWB Transceivers for IoT is a perfect text and reference for engineers working in RF IC design and wireless communication, as well as academic staff and graduate students engaged in low power communication systems research.

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