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The Unity of Science in the Arabic Tradition

2008-07-15 Science
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Release : 2008-07-15
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 056/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Unity of Science in the Arabic Tradition by : Shahid Rahman

Download or read book The Unity of Science in the Arabic Tradition written by Shahid Rahman. This book was released on 2008-07-15. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: the demise of the logical positivism programme. The answers given to these qu- tions have deepened the already existing gap between philosophy and the history and practice of science. While the positivists argued for a spontaneous, steady and continuous growth of scientific knowledge the post-positivists make a strong case for a fundamental discontinuity in the development of science which can only be explained by extrascientific factors. The political, social and cultural environment, the argument goes on, determine both the questions and the terms in which they should be answered. Accordingly, the sociological and historical interpretation - volves in fact two kinds of discontinuity which are closely related: the discontinuity of science as such and the discontinuity of the more inclusive political and social context of its development. More precisely it explains the discontinuity of the former by the discontinuity of the latter subordinating in effect the history of science to the wider political and social history. The underlying idea is that each historical and - cial context generates scientific and philosophical questions of its own. From this point of view the question surrounding the nature of knowledge and its development are entirely new topics typical of the twentieth-century social context reflecting both the level and the scale of the development of science.

Aristotle and the Arabic Tradition

2015-09-17 History
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Release : 2015-09-17
Genre : History
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 735/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Aristotle and the Arabic Tradition by : Ahmed Alwishah

Download or read book Aristotle and the Arabic Tradition written by Ahmed Alwishah. This book was released on 2015-09-17. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines Aristotle's vast influence upon the medieval Arabic philosophical tradition and includes contributions from every discipline within his corpus.

Subject, Definition, Activity

2021-02-08 Philosophy
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Release : 2021-02-08
Genre : Philosophy
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 849/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Subject, Definition, Activity by : Tommaso Alpina

Download or read book Subject, Definition, Activity written by Tommaso Alpina. This book was released on 2021-02-08. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers for the first time a comprehensive study of the reception and reworking of the Peripatetic theory of the soul in the Kitāb al-Nafs (Book of the Soul) by Avicenna (d. 1037). This study seeks to frame Avicenna’s science of the soul (or psychology) by focusing on three key concepts: subject, definition, and activity. The examination of these concepts will disclose the twofold consideration of the soul in Avicenna’s psychology. Besides the ‘general approach’ to the soul of sublunary living beings, which is the formal principle of the body, Avicenna’s psychology also exhibits a ‘specific orientation’ towards the soul in itself, i.e. the human rational soul that, considered in isolation from the body, is a self-subsistent substance, identical with the theoretical intellect and capable of surviving severance from the body. These two investigations demonstrate the coexistence in Avicenna’s psychology of a more specific and less physical science (psychologia specialis) within a more general and overall physical one (psychologia generalis).

Avicenna on the Necessity of the Actual

2022-09-28 Philosophy
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Release : 2022-09-28
Genre : Philosophy
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 49X/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Avicenna on the Necessity of the Actual by : Celia Kathryn Hatherly

Download or read book Avicenna on the Necessity of the Actual written by Celia Kathryn Hatherly. This book was released on 2022-09-28. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to Avicenna, whatever exists, while it exists, exists of necessity. Not all beings, however, exist with the same kind of necessity. Instead, they exist either necessarily per se or necessarily per aliud. Avicenna on the Necessity of the Actual: His Interpretation of Four Aristotelian Arguments explains how Avicenna uses these modal claims to show that God is the efficient as well as the final cause of an eternally existing cosmos. In particular, Celia Kathryn Hatherly shows how Avicenna uses four Aristotelian arguments to prove this very un-Aristotelian conclusion. These arguments include Aristotle's argument for the finitude of efficient causes in Metaphysics 2; his proof for the prime mover in the Physics and Metaphysics 12; his argument against the Megarians in Metaphysics 9; and his argument for the mutual entailment between the necessary and the eternal in De Caelo 1.12. Moreover, Hatherly contends, when Avicenna's versions of these arguments are correctly interpreted using his distinctive understanding of necessity and possibility, the objections raised against them by his contemporaries and modern scholars fail.

Arabic Logic from al-Fārābī to Averroes

2019-11-27 Mathematics
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Release : 2019-11-27
Genre : Mathematics
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 667/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Arabic Logic from al-Fārābī to Averroes by : Saloua Chatti

Download or read book Arabic Logic from al-Fārābī to Averroes written by Saloua Chatti. This book was released on 2019-11-27. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph explores the logical systems of early logicians in the Arabic tradition from a theoretical perspective, providing a complete panorama of early Arabic logic and centering it within an expansive historical context. By thoroughly examining the writings of the first Arabic logicians, al-Fārābī, Avicenna and Averroes, the author analyzes their respective theories, discusses their relationship to the syllogistics of Aristotle and his followers, and measures their influence on later logical systems. Beginning with an introduction to the writings of the most prominent Arabic logicians, the author scrutinizes these works to determine their categorical logic, as well as their modal and hypothetical logics. Where most other studies written on this subject focus on the Arabic logicians’ epistemology, metaphysics, and theology, this volume takes a unique approach by focusing on the actual technical aspects and features of their logics. The author then moves on to examine the original texts as closely as possible and employs the symbolism of modern propositional, predicate, and modal logics, rendering the arguments of each logician clearly and precisely while clarifying the theories themselves in order to determine the differences between the Arabic logicians’ systems and those of Aristotle. By providing a detailed examination of theories that are still not very well-known in Western countries, the author is able to assess the improvements that can be found in the Arabic writings, and to situate Arabic logic within the breadth of the history of logic. This unique study will appeal mainly to historians of logic, logicians, and philosophers who seek a better understanding of the Arabic tradition. It also will be of interest to modern logicians who wish to delve into the historical aspects and progression of their discipline. Furthermore, this book will serve as a valuable resource for graduate students who wish to complement their general knowledge of Arabic culture, logic, and sciences.

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