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The Strategies of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X in the Course of the Mass African-American Protest of the Early 1960s

2010-03-19 Literary Collections
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Release : 2010-03-19
Genre : Literary Collections
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Book Rating : 729/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Strategies of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X in the Course of the Mass African-American Protest of the Early 1960s by : Stefan Küpper

Download or read book The Strategies of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X in the Course of the Mass African-American Protest of the Early 1960s written by Stefan Küpper. This book was released on 2010-03-19. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2008 in the subject American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 2,0, University of Reading (Department of History), language: English, abstract: In 1966, Martin Luther King, Jr. still held the opinion that violent resistance to white supremacy would be futile. But at this time a certain group of people, especially young blacks in the northern cities, turned towards a strategy of armed resistance which was spread by radical black nationalists like Malcolm X. Beginning shortly after the Second World War, when the hopes of most African Americans for racial equality were not fulfilled, and on its peak at the end of the 1950s, an increasing number of blacks protested peacefully against discrimination. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and leading figures like MLK helped to organize several demonstrations, sit-ins (Greensboro lunch counter sit-in, 1960) and boycotts (Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955), aiming at full integration of black Americans. At the same time, but evidently opposing these nonviolent forms of protest, the Nation of Islam (NoI), amongst them Malcolm X, demanded a new kind of Black Nationalism which emphasized black pride, unity and self-respect. Nevertheless, these pragmatic radicals aimed at separatism, but the vehicle to achieve it was supposed to be a revolution. These two antagonistic approaches determined the Civil Rights Movement from the mid 1950s onward.

The Sword and the Shield

2020-03-31 Biography & Autobiography
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Release : 2020-03-31
Genre : Biography & Autobiography
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 851/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Sword and the Shield by : Peniel E. Joseph

Download or read book The Sword and the Shield written by Peniel E. Joseph. This book was released on 2020-03-31. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dual biography of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King upends longstanding preconceptions to transform our understanding of the twentieth century's most iconic African American leaders. To most Americans, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. represent contrasting ideals: self-defense vs. nonviolence, black power vs. civil rights, the sword vs. the shield. The struggle for black freedom is wrought with the same contrasts. While nonviolent direct action is remembered as an unassailable part of American democracy, the movement's militancy is either vilified or erased outright. In The Sword and the Shield, Peniel E. Joseph upends these misconceptions and reveals a nuanced portrait of two men who, despite markedly different backgrounds, inspired and pushed each other throughout their adult lives. This is a strikingly revisionist biography, not only of Malcolm and Martin, but also of the movement and era they came to define.

Stokely

2014-03-04 Biography & Autobiography
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Release : 2014-03-04
Genre : Biography & Autobiography
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 480/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Stokely by : Peniel E. Joseph

Download or read book Stokely written by Peniel E. Joseph. This book was released on 2014-03-04. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the author of The Sword and the Shield, this definitive biography of the Black Power activist Stokely Carmichael offers "an unflinching look at an unflinching man" (Daily Beast). Stokely Carmichael, the charismatic and controversial Black activist, stepped onto the pages of history when he called for "Black Power" during a speech one Mississippi night in 1966. A firebrand who straddled both the American civil rights and Black Power movements, Carmichael would stand for the rest of his life at the center of the storm he had unleashed. In Stokely, preeminent civil rights scholar Peniel E. Joseph presents a groundbreaking biography of Carmichael, using his life as a prism through which to view the transformative African American freedom struggles of the twentieth century. A nuanced and authoritative portrait, Stokely captures the life of the man whose uncompromising vision defined political radicalism and provoked a national reckoning on race and democracy.

Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. Differences and the Role of the Media

2015-12-28 Literary Criticism
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Release : 2015-12-28
Genre : Literary Criticism
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 334/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. Differences and the Role of the Media by :

Download or read book Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. Differences and the Role of the Media written by . This book was released on 2015-12-28. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 2,0, , course: The 1960s, language: English, abstract: Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. are two of the most important leaders in the black freedom movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Their contributions are highly valued until today, although people’s opinions on the two leaders vary: some support the one and disapprove of the other. Furthermore, during their lifetime and even after their death, both were perceived as having followed two different ideologies. Their differing opinions on violence and non-violence, integration and separatism were regarded as preventing the two from moving closer to each other. Therefore, people regarded and portrayed them as adversaries since their images arouse controversial feelings, admiration and disapproval, among black and white people. On the bright side, Martin Luther King, Jr. the well-educated, peaceful promoter of love and hope in contradistinction to Malcolm X, on the dark side, the autodidact, radical Black Muslim extremist. Apparently this seemed to be the two poles in public imagination which the American mass media had contributed to. Where might these diferences come from, are they justified and what impact did the media play in the process of creating these public images? In order to adress these questions, this work is going to examine the two men's life, thought, and work in more detail.

Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, and the Civil Rights Struggle of the 1950s and 1960s

2004-02-20 History
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Release : 2004-02-20
Genre : History
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Book Rating : 697/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, and the Civil Rights Struggle of the 1950s and 1960s by : David Howard-Pitney

Download or read book Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, and the Civil Rights Struggle of the 1950s and 1960s written by David Howard-Pitney. This book was released on 2004-02-20. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The civil rights movement’s most prominent leaders, Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929–1968) and Malcolm X (1925–1965), represent two wings of the revolt against racism: nonviolent resistance and revolution "by any means necessary." This volume presents the two leaders’ relationship to the civil rights movement beyond a simplified dualism. A rich selection of speeches, essays, and excerpts from Malcolm X’s autobiography and King’s sermons shows the breadth and range of each man’s philosophy, demonstrating their differences, similarities, and evolution over time. Organized into six topical groups, the documents allow students to compare the leaders’ views on subjects including integration, the American dream, means of struggle, and opposing racial philosophies. An interpretive introductory essay, chronology, selected bibliography, document headnotes, and questions for consideration provide further pedagogical support.

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