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The History of the London Water Industry, 1580–1820

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Release : 2017-04-25
Genre : Business & Economics
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 042/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The History of the London Water Industry, 1580–1820 by : Leslie Tomory

Download or read book The History of the London Water Industry, 1580–1820 written by Leslie Tomory. This book was released on 2017-04-25. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How did pre-industrial London build the biggest water supply industry on earth? Beginning in 1580, a number of competing London companies sold water directly to consumers through a large network of wooden mains in the expanding metropolis. This new water industry flourished throughout the 1600s, eventually expanding to serve tens of thousands of homes. By the late eighteenth century, more than 80 percent of the city’s houses had water connections—making London the best-served metropolis in the world while demonstrating that it was legally, commercially, and technologically possible to run an infrastructure network within the largest city on earth. In this richly detailed book, historian Leslie Tomory shows how new technologies imported from the Continent, including waterwheel-driven piston pumps, spurred the rapid growth of London’s water industry. The business was further sustained by an explosion in consumer demand, particularly in the city’s wealthy West End. Meanwhile, several key local innovations reshaped the industry by enlarging the size of the supply network. By 1800, the success of London’s water industry made it a model for other cities in Europe and beyond as they began to build their own water networks. The city’s water infrastructure even inspired builders of other large-scale urban projects, including gas and sewage supply networks. The History of the London Water Industry, 1580–1820 explores the technological, cultural, and mercantile factors that created and sustained this remarkable industry. Tomory examines how the joint-stock form became popular with water companies, providing a stable legal structure that allowed for expansion. He also explains how the roots of the London water industry’s divergence from the Continent and even from other British cities was rooted both in the size of London as a market and in the late seventeenth-century consumer revolution. This fascinating and unique study of essential utilities in the early modern period will interest business historians and historians of science and technology alike.

Sweet and Clean?

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Release : 2020-03-26
Genre : History
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 13X/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Sweet and Clean? by : Susan North

Download or read book Sweet and Clean? written by Susan North. This book was released on 2020-03-26. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sweet and Clean? challenges the widely held beliefs on bathing and cleanliness in the past. For over thirty years, the work of the French historian, George Vigarello, has been hugely influential on early modern European social history, describing an aversion to water and bathing, and the use of linen underwear as the sole cleaning agent for the body. However, these concepts do not apply to early modern England. Sweet and Clean? analyses etiquette and medical literature, revealing repeated recommendations to wash or bathe in order to clean the skin. Clean linen was essential for propriety but advice from medical experts was contradictory. Many doctors were convinced that it prevented the spread of contagious diseases, but others recommended flannel for undergarments, and a few thought changing a fever patient's linens was dangerous. The methodology of material culture helps determine if and how this advice was practiced. Evidence from inventories, household accounts and manuals, and surviving linen garments tracks underwear through its life-cycle of production, making, wearing, laundering, and final recycling. Although the material culture of washing bodies is much sparser, other sources, such as the Old Bailey records, paint a more accurate picture of cleanliness in early modern England than has been previously described. The contrasting analyses of linen and bodies reveal what histories material culture best serves. Finally, what of the diseases-plague, smallpox, and typhus-that cleanliness of body and clothes were thought to prevent? Did following early modern medical advice protect people from these illnesses?

Scientific Advice to the Nineteenth-Century British State

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Release : 2023-11-14
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 059/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Advice to the Nineteenth-Century British State by : Roland Jackson

Download or read book Scientific Advice to the Nineteenth-Century British State written by Roland Jackson. This book was released on 2023-11-14. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In twenty-first-century Britain, scientific advice to government is highly organized, integrated across government departments, and led by a chief scientific adviser who reports directly to the prime minister. But at the end of the eighteenth century, when Roland Jackson’s account begins, things were very different. With this book, Jackson turns his attention to the men of science of the day—who derived their knowledge of the natural world from experience, observation, and experiment—focusing on the essential role they played in proffering scientific advice to the state, and the impact of that advice on public policy. At a time that witnessed huge scientific advances and vast industrial development, and as the British state sought to respond to societal, economic, and environmental challenges, practitioners of science, engineering, and medicine were drawn into close involvement with politicians. Jackson explores the contributions of these emerging experts, the motivations behind their involvement, the forces that shaped this new system of advice, and the legacy it left behind. His book provides the first detailed analysis of the provision of scientific, engineering, and medical advice to the nineteenth-century British government, parliament, the civil service, and the military.

The First Irish Cities

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Release : 2021-06-08
Genre : History
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 896/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The First Irish Cities by : David Dickson

Download or read book The First Irish Cities written by David Dickson. This book was released on 2021-06-08. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The untold story of a group of Irish cities and their remarkable development before the age of industrialization A backward corner of Europe in 1600, Ireland was transformed during the following centuries. This was most evident in the rise of its cities, notably Dublin and Cork. David Dickson explores ten urban centers and their patterns of physical, social, and cultural evolution, relating this to the legacies of a violent past, and he reflects on their subsequent partial eclipse. Beautifully illustrated, this account reveals how the country’s cities were distinctive and—through the Irish diaspora—influential beyond Ireland’s shores.

The Guts of the Matter

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Release : 2019-12-12
Genre : History
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 432/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Guts of the Matter by : James L. A. Webb, Jr

Download or read book The Guts of the Matter written by James L. A. Webb, Jr. This book was released on 2019-12-12. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This engaging interdisciplinary study integrates the deep histories of infectious intestinal disease transmission, the sanitation revolution, and biomedical interventions.

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