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United States Code

2013 Law
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Release : 2013
Genre : Law
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Book Synopsis United States Code by : United States

Download or read book United States Code written by United States. This book was released on 2013. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The United States Code is the official codification of the general and permanent laws of the United States of America. The Code was first published in 1926, and a new edition of the code has been published every six years since 1934. The 2012 edition of the Code incorporates laws enacted through the One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, the last of which was signed by the President on January 15, 2013. It does not include laws of the One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, enacted between January 2, 2013, the date it convened, and January 15, 2013. By statutory authority this edition may be cited "U.S.C. 2012 ed." As adopted in 1926, the Code established prima facie the general and permanent laws of the United States. The underlying statutes reprinted in the Code remained in effect and controlled over the Code in case of any discrepancy. In 1947, Congress began enacting individual titles of the Code into positive law. When a title is enacted into positive law, the underlying statutes are repealed and the title then becomes legal evidence of the law. Currently, 26 of the 51 titles in the Code have been so enacted. These are identified in the table of titles near the beginning of each volume. The Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives continues to prepare legislation pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 285b to enact the remainder of the Code, on a title-by-title basis, into positive law. The 2012 edition of the Code was prepared and published under the supervision of Ralph V. Seep, Law Revision Counsel. Grateful acknowledgment is made of the contributions by all who helped in this work, particularly the staffs of the Office of the Law Revision Counsel and the Government Printing Office"--Preface.

Fair Debt Collection Practices Act

2021-01-11
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Release : 2021-01-11
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Book Synopsis Fair Debt Collection Practices Act by : Landmark Publications

Download or read book Fair Debt Collection Practices Act written by Landmark Publications. This book was released on 2021-01-11. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THIS CASEBOOK contains a selection of U. S. Court of Appeals decisions that analyze, interpret, and apply provisions of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act. Volume 1 of the casebook covers the District of Columbia Circuit and the First through the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals.* * * The statutory purposes of the FDCPA are to "eliminate abusive debt collection practices by debt collectors, to insure that those debt collectors who refrain from using abusive debt collection practices are not competitively disadvantaged, and to promote consistent State action to protect consumers against debt collection abuses." 15 U.S.C. § 1692(e). "The legislative history of the passage of the FDCPA explains that the need for the FDCPA arose" because of a number of different "collection abuses," such as the use of "'obscene or profane language, threats of violence, telephone calls at unreasonable hours, [and] misrepresentation of a consumer's legal rights.'" Kropelnicki v. Siegel, 290 F.3d 118, 127 (2d Cir. 2002) (quoting S. Rep. No. 95-382, at 2 (1977), reprinted in 1977 U.S.C.C.A.N. 1695, 1696). The legislative history of the FDCPA is clear that the statute also was intended to "eliminate the recurring problem of debt collectors dunning the wrong person." S. Rep. No. 95-382, at 4, reprinted in 1977 U.S.C.C.A.N. at 1699. The report of the House of Representatives explained: This bill also protects people who do not owe money at all. In the collector's zeal, collection efforts are often aimed at the wrong person either because of mistaken identity or mistaken facts. This bill will make collectors behave responsibly towards people with whom they deal.... Certainly a person who has a common name and is being hounded by a debt collector because of the debts of another person deserves the protection this legislation will offer. In far too many cases debt collectors do not even bother to double check common names before beginning collection efforts.H.R. Rep. 95-131 at 8 (1977). Wagner v. Chiari & Ilecki, LLP, 973 F. 3d 154 (2nd Cir. 2020)

Fair Debt Collection Practices Act

2017-12
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Release : 2017-12
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Book Rating : 621/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Fair Debt Collection Practices Act by : LandMark Publications

Download or read book Fair Debt Collection Practices Act written by LandMark Publications. This book was released on 2017-12. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THIS CASEBOOK contains a selection of U. S. Court of Appeals decisions that analyze, interpret and apply provisions of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act. The selection of decisions spans from 2014 to the date of publication.The FDCPA regulates the conduct of "debt collectors," defined to include "any person who uses any instrumentality of interstate commerce or the mails in any business the principal purpose of which is the collection of any debts, or who regularly collects or attempts to collect, directly or indirectly, debts owed or due or asserted to be owed or due another." Id. � 1692a(6). Among other things, the FDCPA prohibits debt collectors from using "any false, deceptive, or misleading representation or means in connection with the collection of any debt," and from using "unfair or unconscionable means to collect or attempt to collect any debt." Id. �� 1692e-1692f. The statute provides a non-exhaustive list of conduct that is deceptive or unfair (e.g., falsely implying that the debt collector is affiliated with the United States, id. � 1692e(1)). Debt collectors who violate the FDCPA are liable for actual damages, statutory damages of up to $1,000, and attorney's fees and costs. See id. � 1692k(a). In re Dubois, 834 F. 3d 522 (4th Cir. 2016).The definition of debt collector, which is contained in � 1692a(6), is comprised of two parts. The first part defines the classes of persons that are included within the term "debt collector," while the second part defines those classes of persons that are excluded from the definition of debt collector. The first part, defining those who are included, provides in relevant part: The term "debt collector" means any person [1] who uses any instrumentality of interstate commerce or the mails in any business the principal purpose of which is the collection of any debts, or [2] who regularly collects or attempts to collect, directly or indirectly, debts owed or due or asserted to be owed or due another. Notwithstanding the exclusion provided by clause (F) of the last sentence of this paragraph, the term includes any creditor [3] who, in the process of collecting his own debts, uses any name other than his own which would indicate that a third person is collecting or attempting to collect such debts.15 U.S.C. � 1692a(6) (emphasis added). Stated more simply, this provision defines a debt collector as (1) a person whose principal purpose is to collect debts; (2) a person who regularly collects debts owed to another: or (3) a person who collects its own debts, using a name other than its own as if it were a debt collector. Henson v. Santander Consumer USA, Inc., 817 F. 3d 131 (4th Cir. 2016).The second part of � 1692a(6) defines the classes of persons that are excluded from the definition of debt collector, so that a person who meets one of the definitions of debt collector contained in the first part of � 1692a(6) will not qualify as such if it falls within one of the exclusions.

The Debt Collection Practices Act

1976 Collection agencies
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Release : 1976
Genre : Collection agencies
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Book Synopsis The Debt Collection Practices Act by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Currency and Housing. Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs

Download or read book The Debt Collection Practices Act written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Currency and Housing. Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs. This book was released on 1976. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fair Debt Collection Practices Act

2021-01-15
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Release : 2021-01-15
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Book Synopsis Fair Debt Collection Practices Act by : Landmark Publications

Download or read book Fair Debt Collection Practices Act written by Landmark Publications. This book was released on 2021-01-15. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THIS CASEBOOK contains a selection of U. S. Court of Appeals decisions that analyze, interpret, and apply provisions of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act. Volume 2 of the casebook covers the Sixth through the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals. * * * Congress enacted the FDCPA in 1977 "to eliminate abusive debt collection practices by debt collectors, to insure that those debt collectors who refrain from using abusive debt collection practices are not competitively disadvantaged, and to promote consistent State action to protect consumers against debt collection abuses." 15 U.S.C. § 1692(e). The FDCPA prohibits debt collectors from collecting "any amount (including any interest, fee, charge, or expense incidental to the principal obligation) unless such amount is expressly authorized by the agreement creating the debt or permitted by law." Id. § 1692f(1). Debt collectors are strictly liable for FDCPA violations, Donohue v. Quick Collect, Inc., 592 F.3d 1027, 1030 (9th Cir. 2010), and a debt collector who violates the FDCPA is liable for actual damages, attorney's fees and costs, and additional damages not to exceed $1,000 per violation. 15 U.S.C. § 1692k. The FDCPA is "broadly remedial," and should be liberally construed in favor of consumers. McAdory v. M.N.S. & Assocs., LLC, 952 F.3d 1089, 1092 (9th Cir. 2020). * * * To avoid liability, debt collectors may raise the limited affirmative defense that their conduct was "not intentional and resulted from a bona fide error notwithstanding the maintenance of procedures reasonably adapted to avoid any such error." 15 U.S.C. § 1692k(c). The burden is on the debt collector to prove this defense by a preponderance of the evidence. Id.; McCollough v. Johnson, Rodenburg & Lauinger, LLC, 637 F.3d 939, 948 (9th Cir. 2011). * * * The bona fide error defense requires a showing that the debt collector: (1) violated the FDCPA unintentionally; (2) the violation resulted from a bona fide error; and (3) the debt collector maintained procedures reasonably adapted to avoid the violation. Id. Urbina v. National Business Factors Inc., (9th Cir. 2020).

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