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The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition

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Release : 2015-08-01
Genre : Psychology
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 323/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition by : Michael Tomasello

Download or read book The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition written by Michael Tomasello. This book was released on 2015-08-01. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ambitious and elegant, this book builds a bridge between evolutionary theory and cultural psychology. Michael Tomasello is one of the very few people to have done systematic research on the cognitive capacities of both nonhuman primates and human children. The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition identifies what the differences are, and suggests where they might have come from. Tomasello argues that the roots of the human capacity for symbol-based culture, and the kind of psychological development that takes place within it, are based in a cluster of uniquely human cognitive capacities that emerge early in human ontogeny. These include capacities for sharing attention with other persons; for understanding that others have intentions of their own; and for imitating, not just what someone else does, but what someone else has intended to do. In his discussions of language, symbolic representation, and cognitive development, Tomasello describes with authority and ingenuity the "ratchet effect" of these capacities working over evolutionary and historical time to create the kind of cultural artifacts and settings within which each new generation of children develops. He also proposes a novel hypothesis, based on processes of social cognition and cultural evolution, about what makes the cognitive representations of humans different from those of other primates. Lucid, erudite, and passionate, The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition will be essential reading for developmental psychology, animal behavior, and cultural psychology.

THE CULTURAL ORIGINS OF HUMAN COGNITION

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Author :
Release : 2009-07-01
Genre : Psychology
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 371/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis THE CULTURAL ORIGINS OF HUMAN COGNITION by : Michael TOMASELLO

Download or read book THE CULTURAL ORIGINS OF HUMAN COGNITION written by Michael TOMASELLO. This book was released on 2009-07-01. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridging the gap between evolutionary theory and cultural psychology, Michael Tomasello argues that the roots of the human capacity for symbol-based culture are based in a cluster of uniquely human cognitive capacities. These include capacities for understanding that others have intentions of their own, and for imitating, not just what someone else does, but what someone else has intended to do. Tomasello further describes with authority and ingenuity how these capacities work over evolutionary and historical time to create the kind of cultural artifacts and settings within which each new generation of children develops.

The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition

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Author :
Release : 1999
Genre : Psychology
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 821/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition by : Michael Tomasello

Download or read book The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition written by Michael Tomasello. This book was released on 1999. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Puzzle and a Hypothesis - Biological and Cultural Inheritance - Joint Attention and Cultural Learning - Linguistic Communication and Symbolic Representation - Linguistic Constructions and Event Cognition - Discourse and Representational Redescription - Cultural Cognition.

Origins of Human Communication

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Release : 2010-08-13
Genre : Social Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 202/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Origins of Human Communication by : Michael Tomasello

Download or read book Origins of Human Communication written by Michael Tomasello. This book was released on 2010-08-13. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A leading expert on evolution and communication presents an empirically based theory of the evolutionary origins of human communication that challenges the dominant Chomskian view. Human communication is grounded in fundamentally cooperative, even shared, intentions. In this original and provocative account of the evolutionary origins of human communication, Michael Tomasello connects the fundamentally cooperative structure of human communication (initially discovered by Paul Grice) to the especially cooperative structure of human (as opposed to other primate) social interaction. Tomasello argues that human cooperative communication rests on a psychological infrastructure of shared intentionality (joint attention, common ground), evolved originally for collaboration and culture more generally. The basic motives of the infrastructure are helping and sharing: humans communicate to request help, inform others of things helpfully, and share attitudes as a way of bonding within the cultural group. These cooperative motives each created different functional pressures for conventionalizing grammatical constructions. Requesting help in the immediate you-and-me and here-and-now, for example, required very little grammar, but informing and sharing required increasingly complex grammatical devices. Drawing on empirical research into gestural and vocal communication by great apes and human infants (much of it conducted by his own research team), Tomasello argues further that humans' cooperative communication emerged first in the natural gestures of pointing and pantomiming. Conventional communication, first gestural and then vocal, evolved only after humans already possessed these natural gestures and their shared intentionality infrastructure along with skills of cultural learning for creating and passing along jointly understood communicative conventions. Challenging the Chomskian view that linguistic knowledge is innate, Tomasello proposes instead that the most fundamental aspects of uniquely human communication are biological adaptations for cooperative social interaction in general and that the purely linguistic dimensions of human communication are cultural conventions and constructions created by and passed along within particular cultural groups.

A Natural History of Human Thinking

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Release : 2018-04-09
Genre : Psychology
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 830/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis A Natural History of Human Thinking by : Michael Tomasello

Download or read book A Natural History of Human Thinking written by Michael Tomasello. This book was released on 2018-04-09. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tool-making or culture, language or religious belief: ever since Darwin, thinkers have struggled to identify what fundamentally differentiates human beings from other animals. Michael Tomasello weaves his twenty years of comparative studies of humans and great apes into a compelling argument that cooperative social interaction is the key to our cognitive uniqueness. Tomasello maintains that our prehuman ancestors, like today's great apes, were social beings who could solve problems by thinking. But they were almost entirely competitive, aiming only at their individual goals. As ecological changes forced them into more cooperative living arrangements, early humans had to coordinate their actions and communicate their thoughts with collaborative partners. Tomasello's "shared intentionality hypothesis" captures how these more socially complex forms of life led to more conceptually complex forms of thinking. In order to survive, humans had to learn to see the world from multiple social perspectives, to draw socially recursive inferences, and to monitor their own thinking via the normative standards of the group. Even language and culture arose from the preexisting need to work together and coordinate thoughts. A Natural History of Human Thinking is the most detailed scientific analysis to date of the connection between human sociality and cognition.

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