Share

Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels in the United States

2013-01-18 Science
Download Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels in the United States PDF Online Free

Author :
Release : 2013-01-18
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 329/5 ( reviews)

GET EBOOK


Book Synopsis Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels in the United States by : National Research Council

Download or read book Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels in the United States written by National Research Council. This book was released on 2013-01-18. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofuels made from algae are gaining attention as a domestic source of renewable fuel. However, with current technologies, scaling up production of algal biofuels to meet even 5 percent of U.S. transportation fuel needs could create unsustainable demands for energy, water, and nutrient resources. Continued research and development could yield innovations to address these challenges, but determining if algal biofuel is a viable fuel alternative will involve comparing the environmental, economic and social impacts of algal biofuel production and use to those associated with petroleum-based fuels and other fuel sources. Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels was produced at the request of the U.S. Department of Energy.

Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels in the United States

2012-12-18 Science
Download Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels in the United States PDF Online Free

Author :
Release : 2012-12-18
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 353/5 ( reviews)

GET EBOOK


Book Synopsis Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels in the United States by : National Research Council

Download or read book Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels in the United States written by National Research Council. This book was released on 2012-12-18. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofuels made from algae are gaining attention as a domestic source of renewable fuel. However, with current technologies, scaling up production of algal biofuels to meet even 5 percent of U.S. transportation fuel needs could create unsustainable demands for energy, water, and nutrient resources. Continued research and development could yield innovations to address these challenges, but determining if algal biofuel is a viable fuel alternative will involve comparing the environmental, economic and social impacts of algal biofuel production and use to those associated with petroleum-based fuels and other fuel sources. Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels was produced at the request of the U.S. Department of Energy.

Algal Biofuels

2017-02-26 Technology & Engineering
Download Algal Biofuels PDF Online Free

Author :
Release : 2017-02-26
Genre : Technology & Engineering
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 10X/5 ( reviews)

GET EBOOK


Book Synopsis Algal Biofuels by : Sanjay Kumar Gupta

Download or read book Algal Biofuels written by Sanjay Kumar Gupta. This book was released on 2017-02-26. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume focuses on comprehensive state-of-the-art information about the practical aspects of cultivation, harvesting, biomass processing and biofuel production from algae. Chapters cover topics such as synthetic ecological engineering approaches towards sustainable production of biofuel feedstock, and algal biofuel production processes using wastewater. Readers will also discover more about the role of biotechnological engineering in improving ecophysiology, biomass and lipid yields. Particular attention is given to opportunities of commercialization of algal biofuels that provides a realistic assessment of various techno-economical aspects of pilot scale algal biofuel production. The authors also explore the pre-treatment of biomass, catalytic conversion of algal lipids and hydrothermal liquefaction with the biorefinery approach in detail. In a nut shell, this volume will provide a wealth of information based on a realistic evaluation of contemporary developments in algal biofuel research with an emphasis on pilot scale studies. Researchers studying and working in the areas of environmental science, biotechnology, genetic engineering and biochemistry will find this work instructive and informative.

Socioeconomic Indicators for Sustainable Design and Commercial Development of Algal Biofuel Systems

2016
Download Socioeconomic Indicators for Sustainable Design and Commercial Development of Algal Biofuel Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Release : 2016
Genre :
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : /5 ( reviews)

GET EBOOK


Book Synopsis Socioeconomic Indicators for Sustainable Design and Commercial Development of Algal Biofuel Systems by :

Download or read book Socioeconomic Indicators for Sustainable Design and Commercial Development of Algal Biofuel Systems written by . This book was released on 2016. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Socio-economic sustainability indicators that have been proposed previously for terrestrial bioenergy were evaluated for applicability to algal biofuels. Indicators developed for terrestrial bioenergy were found to be appropriate and sufficient for algae biofuels, meeting the selection criteria of practicality, wide applicability, predictability in response to management, anticipation of future changes, adaptability to multiple scales where possible, ability to integrate multiple dimensions, and non-redundancy. The 16 indicators fall into the categories of social well-being, energy security, external trade, profitability, resource conservation, and social acceptability. None of the indicators have yet been measured in published sustainability assessments for commercial facilities. Indicators estimated for various scenarios in the scientific literature include the profitability indicators return on investment and net present value, and the resource conservation indicator, fossil energy return on investment. The food security indicator, percent change in food price volatility, is easy to estimate at zero if agricultural lands are not used. Some indicators, such as the energy security indicators energy security premium and fuel price volatility and the external trade indicators terms of trade and trade volume cannot be projected into the future with accuracy, so they will not be measured prior to significant commercialization of algal biofuels. Furthermore, the list of proposed sustainability indicators may be adjusted to particular purposes and contexts. Together with environmental sustainability indicators, these socioeconomic sustainability indicators should contribute to sustainability assessments for algal biofuels.

Algae to Energy and Sustainable Development. Technologies, Resources, Economics and System Analyses. New Design of Global Environmental Policy and Live Conserve Industry

2018-05-03
Download Algae to Energy and Sustainable Development. Technologies, Resources, Economics and System Analyses. New Design of Global Environmental Policy and Live Conserve Industry PDF Online Free

Author :
Release : 2018-05-03
Genre :
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 552/5 ( reviews)

GET EBOOK


Book Synopsis Algae to Energy and Sustainable Development. Technologies, Resources, Economics and System Analyses. New Design of Global Environmental Policy and Live Conserve Industry by : Armen Avagyan

Download or read book Algae to Energy and Sustainable Development. Technologies, Resources, Economics and System Analyses. New Design of Global Environmental Policy and Live Conserve Industry written by Armen Avagyan. This book was released on 2018-05-03. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is devoted to the current problem of global sustainable development; conflicts with the effective system working that allow making some conclusion for further compatibility improvements. At foremost, analyses look at recent international and own researchers dealing with algae technology and conversation to energy. The total global production of macroalgae is superior about 100 times compared to microalgae or 19 - 23 million tons by dry weight and market at $5 - 6 billion. Macroalgal biomass has a potential for the production of biofuels and can be used also for decentralized wastewater cleaning. The analyses showed that development microalgae producing have all necessary unlimited resources such as land and water (wastewater and groundwater). Food waste use for microalgae cultivation can lead to GHG mitigation up to 3.3 GTCO2e/yr or 8 % of global emissions. The UNEP ignored high carbon capture and storage (CCS) potential of algae. Simultaneously, international organization and researchers as main constraints for microalgae biofuels have described the cost of their production based on comparing with prices of oil fuels and crop biofuels. Comparison of the cost of microalgal biofuel production with a subsided prices of oil and crops biofuel is a methodical mistake as the governments have paid part of their fuel price from public funds as well as it is necessary to take into account also large scale production competitive benefits. It is stressed that many projects and Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) are based on using fertilizers for nutrition microalgae. According to the ISO/TS 14067, we estimated day input of including fertilizers with nitrogen content in the total emissions of the product full life cycle by expanding of LCA boundary. Calculation emission by the use of last U.S. NPEL design of microalgae to biofuel showed that only used fertilizers with nitrogen content for the day microalgae biomass production release CO2 emission 63.56 kgCO2e per kg of the produced microalgae biomass. This is more that impact of CCS by algae cultivation - 1.83 kgCO2e per kg of algal biomass, gasoline and diesel emissions by combustion in motor vehicles (gasoline is realized 2.29 kgCO2/L (E10 - 2.21 and E85 - 1.61 kgCO2/L ) and diesel - 2.66 kgCO2/L (B5 - 2.65 and B20 - 2.62 kgCO2/L)) as well as sum of crude oils extraction-to-refining (4 to 50 gCO2e/megajoule (MJ) (about half of the total EU plants has extraction-to-refining emission from 4 to 9 gCO2/MJ) and combustion in motor vehicle emissions of 73 gCO2e/MJ). This proves that phototrophic growth of microalgae has no perspective for commercial production. The additional stressed issue is that in 2016, biofuel crops boost fertilizer industry and nitrogen fertilizer consumption intended to biofuels production. Therefore, it offered that first generation biofuel producers should seriously think about the use of feedstock yields originated by the use of organic agriculture approach. As a result of system analyses, it made the conclusion that sole main barrier for realizing of algae biofuel potential is ineffective international and governmental policies which create difficulties in the coupling of the goals between economic development and environmental activity. Therefore, we offered the new design of environmental police and relevant innovative financial mechanisms in a framework of Public/Private Partnership for archiving of effective investment flow to mitigation pollution. This policy based on recognizing of Life Conserve industry as the separate branch of production and each company which activity direct or indirect decrease pollution must receive payment for the impact of their products. Simultaneously, the analysis provides that near-term microalgae come to big feed additives market as feed additives for animals and for the fishmeal replacement in aquaculture due to competitive cost archived by technological advancement and benefits of their content.

You may also like...