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Stalk Structures in Lipid Bilayer Fusion Studied by X-ray Diffraction

2012
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Release : 2012
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Book Rating : 437/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Stalk Structures in Lipid Bilayer Fusion Studied by X-ray Diffraction by : Sebastian Aeffner

Download or read book Stalk Structures in Lipid Bilayer Fusion Studied by X-ray Diffraction written by Sebastian Aeffner. This book was released on 2012. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fusion of two biological membranes is an important step in many processes on the cellular and sub-cellular level. Understanding the involved interplay of different lipid species, a specialized protein machinery and water on length scales of few nanometers poses a significant challenge to current structural biology. Among several complementary approaches, one strategy is to study the structural rearrangements of the lipid matrix. As the initial step, lipid bilayers must be forced into close contact to form a non-bilayer intermediate termed a stalk. This has been the subject of numerous theoretical studies and simulations, but experimental data on stalks are largely lacking. Currently, the only way to obtain structural information at the required sub-nanometer resolution is x-ray diffraction on the recently discovered stalk phaseʺ formed by certain lipids. We apply this method to elucidate the effect of lipid composition on stalk geometry and the repulsive forces between lipid bilayers prior to stalk formation. An approach based on differential geometry of electron density isosurfaces is introduced to analyze the curvatures and bending energies of the lipid monolayers. For the first time, this connects experiment-based structures of stalks and the associated bending and hydration energies. In addition, this thesis aims to provide a self-contained introduction to the required background in x-ray diffraction on lipid mesophases and electron density reconstruction.

Extending the X-ray Study of Membrane Fusion in Supported Multibilayers Towards Physiological Conditions

2017
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Release : 2017
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Book Rating : 045/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Extending the X-ray Study of Membrane Fusion in Supported Multibilayers Towards Physiological Conditions by : Yihui Xu

Download or read book Extending the X-ray Study of Membrane Fusion in Supported Multibilayers Towards Physiological Conditions written by Yihui Xu. This book was released on 2017. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Lipid Membranes

2021-09-14 Medical
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Release : 2021-09-14
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 734/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Lipid Membranes by : Cyrus R. Safinya

Download or read book Handbook of Lipid Membranes written by Cyrus R. Safinya. This book was released on 2021-09-14. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides a unique overview of lipid membrane fundamentals and applications. The fascinating world of lipids that harbor and govern so many biological functionalities are discussed within the context of membrane structures, interactions, and shape evolution. Beyond the fundamentals in lipid science, this handbook focuses on how scientists are building bioinspired biomimetic systems for applications in medicine, cosmetics, and nanotechnology. Key Features: Includes experimental and theoretical overviews on the role of lipids, with or without associated biomolecules, as structural components imparting distinct membrane shapes and intermembrane interactions Covers the mechanisms of lipid-membrane curvature, by peptide and protein binding, and the roles of signalling lipids and the cytoskeleton in plasma membrane shape evolution Covers advanced X-ray and force measurement techniques Discusses applications in biomedicine, cosmetics, and nanotechnology, including lipid vectors in nucleic acid, drug delivery in dermal applications, and lipid-based sensors and artificial biointerfaces Covers artificial membranes from block copolymers, synthetic copolypeptides, and recombinant proteins Includes an exciting section that explores the role of lipids in the origin of life in hydrothermal conditions This book is a highly informative companion for professionals in biophysics, biochemistry, physical chemistry, and material and pharmaceutical sciences and bioengineering.

Non-equilibrium Dynamics of Lipid Bilayers

2013
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Release : 2013
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Book Rating : 271/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Non-equilibrium Dynamics of Lipid Bilayers by : Tobias Reusch

Download or read book Non-equilibrium Dynamics of Lipid Bilayers written by Tobias Reusch. This book was released on 2013. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main goal of this thesis was to extend and apply time resolved x-ray scattering experiments at in-house, synchrotron and free electron laser sources to soft matter sample systems, in particular aligned lipid multilayers on solid support. A special emphasis was placed on a characterization of the non-equilibrium fast time response of the multilamellar stack to shortly pulsed optical excitation as well as the acousto-electric field accompanying a surface acoustic wave (SAW). In addition to fundamental questions associated with non-equilibrium dynamics of soft matter films such as driven membrane undulations, this thesis addresses technological challenges of time resolved x-ray diffraction, in particular concerning the timing scheme that has been implemented at the synchrotron storage ring Petra III, DESY, Hamburg. Importantly, a conceptually new pulse resolved x-ray detection scheme, well exceeding the performance of present detector concepts, has been developed and is described in detail.

Physics of Biological Membranes

2018-12-30 Science
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Release : 2018-12-30
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 301/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Physics of Biological Membranes by : Patricia Bassereau

Download or read book Physics of Biological Membranes written by Patricia Bassereau. This book was released on 2018-12-30. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book mainly focuses on key aspects of biomembranes that have emerged over the past 15 years. It covers static and dynamic descriptions, as well as modeling for membrane organization and shape at the local and global (at the cell level) scale. It also discusses several new developments in non-equilibrium aspects that have not yet been covered elsewhere. Biological membranes are the seat of interactions between cells and the rest of the world, and internally, they are at the core of complex dynamic reorganizations and chemical reactions. Despite the long tradition of membrane research in biophysics, the physics of cell membranes as well as of biomimetic or synthetic membranes is a rapidly developing field. Though successful books have already been published on this topic over the past decades, none include the most recent advances. Additionally, in this domain, the traditional distinction between biological and physical approaches tends to blur. This book gathers the most recent advances in this area, and will benefit biologists and physicists alike.

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