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Regulation of the Microtubule Cytoskeleton and Cell Wall Development in Arabidopsis Thaliana

2019
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Release : 2019
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Book Rating : 960/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Regulation of the Microtubule Cytoskeleton and Cell Wall Development in Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Christy J. Fornero

Download or read book Regulation of the Microtubule Cytoskeleton and Cell Wall Development in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Christy J. Fornero. This book was released on 2019. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regulation of the cortical microtubule cytoskeleton is critical for organized plant cell division. Arabidopsis ton1 and ton2 mutants display random cell division plane placement and lack the plant-specific cortical microtubule array that encircles the nucleus prior to mitosis. In wild type plants, this preprophase band (PPB) of cortical microtubules precisely marks the future division plane. The specific roles of TON1 and TON2 in PPB formation are not yet known. It is suspected that TON1 Recruiting Motif (TRM) proteins may be involved in TON1 and TON2 recruitment to the PPB. Here we describe results for the targeted disruption of a group of TRMs along with localization studies of a larger group of TRMs. We found that TRM33 localizes to the PPB, indicating that it may be important for plant cell division. In addition, TRM13 and TRM14 were found to be important for leaf morphogenesis and trichome cell polarity. Together, these results indicate diverse roles for TRMs in the regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton and plant development.The plant cell wall plays an important role in communication, defense, organization and support. Arabidopsis trichomes, or leaf hairs, exhibit distinct cell wall characteristics, including papillae. To better understand the molecular processes important for papillae deposition on the cell wall surface, we identified the genes responsible for the reduction of papillae seen in two glassy hair mutants. Collectively, the presented results show that MED25 and MED16 are necessary for papillae formation on the cell wall surface of leaf trichomes and that a subset of Arabidopsis Mediator tail subunits is required for the transcriptional regulation of papillae promoting genes.

Regulation of Plant Cells, Cell Walls and Development by Mechanical Signals

2016
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Release : 2016
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Kind : eBook
Book Rating : /5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Regulation of Plant Cells, Cell Walls and Development by Mechanical Signals by :

Download or read book Regulation of Plant Cells, Cell Walls and Development by Mechanical Signals written by . This book was released on 2016. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall goal of the revised scope of work for the final year of funding was to characterize cell wall biosynthesis in developing cotyledons and in the shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana, as a way of learning about developmental control of cell wall biosynthesis in plants, and interactions between cell wall biosynthesis and the microtubule cytoskeleton. The proposed work had two parts - to look at the effect of mutation in the SPIRAL2 gene on microtubule organization and reorganization, and to thoroughly characterize the glycosyltransferase genes expressed in shoot apical meristems by RNA-seq experiments, by in situ hybridization of the RNAs expressed in the meristem, and by antibody staining of the products of the glycosyltransferases in meristems. Both parts were completed; the spiral2 mutant was found to speed microtubule reorientation after ablation of adjacent cells, supporting our hypothesis that reorganization correlates with microtubule severing, the rate of which is increased by the mutation. The glycosyltransferase characterization was completed and published as Yang et al. (2016). Among the new things learned was that primary cell wall biosynthesis is strongly controlled both by cell type, and by stage of cell cycle, implying not only that different, even adjacent, cells can have different sugar linkages in their (nonshared) walls, but also that a surprisingly large proportion of glycosyltransferases is regulated in the cell cycle, and therefore that the cell cycle regulates wall maturation to a degree previously unrecognized.

The Cytoskeleton

2019-11-30 Science
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Release : 2019-11-30
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 283/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Cytoskeleton by : Vaidurya Pratap Sahi

Download or read book The Cytoskeleton written by Vaidurya Pratap Sahi. This book was released on 2019-11-30. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the plant cytoskeleton and its various cross-talks with other cellular components leading to its role in plant growth and development. It not only allows the geometric and signaling dimensions of cells, but is also very important in physiological processes. The book discusses the recent studies showing the role of actin and microtubule cytoskeleton interactions in cell-wall assembly and dynamics. The authors examine the role of both microtubules in the mechanics of plant cells, and actin filaments in the motility of chloroplasts. Based on recent advances in the study of the acto-myosin complex using high-resolution microscopy, they propose a new model for intracellular transport in plants. Exploring an almost-forgotten field of bioelectricity in the context of the cytoskeleton, the book highlights connections between the dynamic actin filaments and the bioelectricity of membranes and demonstrates that the plant cytoskeleton is involved in the distribution of plant hormones. Lastly, it addresses the role of endomembrane -cytoskeleton interactions to show the importance of the cytoskeleton in organelle morphogenesis and cellular functions. Studies in various plant models have shown how the actin filament and microtubules control and coordinate plant cell growth and development. This book summarizes the mechanisms underlying these functions.

Plant Microtubules

2008-04-10 Science
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Release : 2008-04-10
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 786/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Plant Microtubules by : Peter Nick

Download or read book Plant Microtubules written by Peter Nick. This book was released on 2008-04-10. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the first edition of Plant Microtubules in 2000, our understanding of microtubules and their manifold functions have advanced substantially. This revised edition highlights the morphogenetic potential of plant microtubules from three general viewpoints: Microtubules and Morphogenesis, Microtubules and Environment, Microtubules and Evolution. The book is an invaluable source of information for researchers as well as for graduate and advanced students.

Annual Plant Reviews, The Plant Cytoskeleton in Cell Differentiation and Development

2009-02-12 Science
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Release : 2009-02-12
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 873/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Annual Plant Reviews, The Plant Cytoskeleton in Cell Differentiation and Development by : Patrick J. Hussey

Download or read book Annual Plant Reviews, The Plant Cytoskeleton in Cell Differentiation and Development written by Patrick J. Hussey. This book was released on 2009-02-12. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annual Plant Reviews, Volume 10 The cytoskeleton is a dynamic filamentous structure composed of at least actin and microtubule networks. Actin and microtubules are no different structurally from their animal and fungal counterparts. However, the strategies of cell differentiation and development in plants require this network to respond appropriately to plant-specific developmental cues and to environmental factors. This book views the cytoskeleton from different perspectives but, on the whole, as a network composed of structural and regulatory proteins controlled by internal and external stimuli that result in different aspects of cell differentiation. This is a volume for researchers and professionals in plant biochemistry, cell biology and genetics.

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