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Book Synopsis Rare Earth Elements in National Defense: Background, Oversight Issues, and Options for Congress by :
Download or read book Rare Earth Elements in National Defense: Background, Oversight Issues, and Options for Congress written by . This book was released on . Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Valerie, Valerie Bailey Grasso, Specialist in Defense Acquisition
Release : 2012-05-31
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Book Rating : 013/5 ( reviews)
Book Synopsis Rare Earth Elements in National Defense: Background, Oversight Issues, and Options for Congress by : Valerie, Valerie Bailey Grasso, Specialist in Defense Acquisition
Download or read book Rare Earth Elements in National Defense: Background, Oversight Issues, and Options for Congress written by Valerie, Valerie Bailey Grasso, Specialist in Defense Acquisition. This book was released on 2012-05-31. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses rare earth elements used in Department of Defense (DOD) weapon systems, current problematic oversight issues, and options for Congress to consider to address these issues. Rare earth elements (also referred to by the shorthand term "rare earths") include the lanthanide series of 15 elements on the periodic table, beginning with atomic number 57 (lanthanum) and extending through element number 71 (lutetium). Two other elements, yttrium and scandium, often occur in the same rare earth deposits and possess similar properties. These 17 elements are referred to as "rare" because while they are relatively abundant in quantity, they appear in low concentrations in the earth's crust and economic extraction and processing is both difficult and costly.
Author : Valerie Bailey Grasso
Release : 2011
Genre : Rare earth industry
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Book Synopsis Rare Earth Elements in National Defense by : Valerie Bailey Grasso
Download or read book Rare Earth Elements in National Defense written by Valerie Bailey Grasso. This book was released on 2011. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some Members of Congress have expressed concern over U.S. acquisition of rare earth elements that are used in various components of defense weapon systems. From the 1960s to the 1980s, the United States was the leader in global production of rare earths. Since that time, production of the world's supply of rare earths has shifted almost entirely to China, in part due to lower labor costs and lower environmental standards. A series of events and press reports over the last few months have highlighted the rare earth 'crisis, ' as some refer to it. Policymakers are concerned with the nearly total U.S. dependence on China for rare earth elements, including oxides, phosphors, metals, alloys, and magnets, and its implications for U.S. national security. The criticality and reliability of the rare earth element supply chain cuts across the manufacturing, defense, and science and technology sectors of the global economy. Some Members of Congress support development of a domestic source for rare earth elements. They view a reliable domestic supply chain as critical to maintaining existing and acquiring new defense weapons systems. Other policymakers see the existence of alternative sources for rare earth elements outside of China as a possible solution to mitigate a lack of domestic mining and manufacturing capability. Yet the 'crisis' for many policymakers is not that China has cut its rare earth exports and appears to be restricting the world's access to rare earths, but that the United States has lost its domestic capacity to produce strategic and critical materials. There are important questions with only partial answers at the present time.
Author : Steven Chu
Release : 2011-05
Genre : Reference
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 183/5 ( reviews)
Book Synopsis Critical Materials Strategy by : Steven Chu
Download or read book Critical Materials Strategy written by Steven Chu. This book was released on 2011-05. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the role of rare earth metals and other materials in the clean energy economy. It was prepared by the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) based on data collected and research performed during 2010. In the report, DoE describes plans to: (1) develop its first integrated research agenda addressing critical materials, building on three technical workshops convened by the DoE during November and December 2010; (2) strengthen its capacity for information-gathering on this topic; and (3) work closely with international partners, including Japan and Europe, to reduce vulnerability to supply disruptions and address critical material needs. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand report.
Author : Kristin Waters
Release : 2016
Genre : History
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 201/5 ( reviews)
Book Synopsis Rare Earth Elements by : Kristin Waters
Download or read book Rare Earth Elements written by Kristin Waters. This book was released on 2016. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Department of Defense (DOD) depends on rare earths that contain one or more of 17 similar metals which have unique properties, such as magnetism at high temperatures, to provide functionality in weapon system components. Many steps in the rare earths supply chain, such as mining, are conducted in China, a situation that may pose risks to the continued availability of these materials. The Joint Explanatory Statement accompanying the Carl Levin and Howard P. Buck McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for 2015 included a provision for the United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) to review DOD efforts to identify and mitigate risks in its rare earths supply chain. This book assesses the extent that DOD determined which rare earths, if any, are critical to national security; and has identified and mitigated risks associated with rare earths, including the effects of a potential supply disruption.
