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Practicing Democratic Citizenship in an Authoritarian State

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Release : 2017
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Kind : eBook
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Book Synopsis Practicing Democratic Citizenship in an Authoritarian State by : Ying Xia

Download or read book Practicing Democratic Citizenship in an Authoritarian State written by Ying Xia. This book was released on 2017. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chinese state has installed the residents' committee as a form of self-governance organization in each residential area in the cities. It is, however, challenged by the homeowners, a social group that has newly emerged as a result of China's economic liberalization. To protect their own rights, the homeowners created 'homeowners' committees' as an alternative organizational channel for participation. Moreover, they manage to merge individual homeowners' committees into larger homeowners' associations, thus expanding the site of citizenship practice from the grassroots level as endowed by the state to the civil sphere. When the homeowners act as political actors addressing their collective issues and influence the dynamics of citizenship, they collectively construct a democratic citizenship from below. From this aspect, citizenship in contemporary China is by no means a top-down-created process but is an outcome of the complex interplay between the state's top-down initiation and the citizens' bottom-up construction.

Authoritarian Police in Democracy

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Release : 2020-11-12
Genre : Political Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 380/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Authoritarian Police in Democracy by : Yanilda María González

Download or read book Authoritarian Police in Democracy written by Yanilda María González. This book was released on 2020-11-12. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In countries around the world, from the United States to the Philippines to Chile, police forces are at the center of social unrest and debates about democracy and rule of law. This book examines the persistence of authoritarian policing in Latin America to explain why police violence and malfeasance remain pervasive decades after democratization. It also examines the conditions under which reform can occur. Drawing on rich comparative analysis and evidence from Brazil, Argentina, and Colombia, the book opens up the 'black box' of police bureaucracies to show how police forces exert power and cultivate relationships with politicians, as well as how social inequality impedes change. González shows that authoritarian policing persists not in spite of democracy but in part because of democratic processes and public demand. When societal preferences over the distribution of security and coercion are fragmented along existing social cleavages, politicians possess few incentives to enact reform.

Critical Citizens

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Release : 1999-03-25
Genre : Political Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 341/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Critical Citizens by : Pippa Norris

Download or read book Critical Citizens written by Pippa Norris. This book was released on 1999-03-25. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical Citizens: Global Support for Democratic Government analyses a series of interrelated questions. The first two are diagnostic: how far are there legitimate grounds for concern about public support for democracy world-wide? Are trends towards growing cynicism evident in the United States evident in many established and newer democracies? The second concern is analytical: what are the main political, economic, and cultural factors driving the dynamics of support for democratic government? The final questions are prescriptive: what are the consequences of this analysis and what are the implications for strengthening democratic governance? This book has brought together a distinguished group of international scholars who develop a global analysis of these issues that looks at trends in establishes and newer democracies as we approach the end of the twentieth century. It also presents the first results of the 1995-7 World Values Study as well as drawing on an extensive range of comparative empirical evidence. Challenging the conventional wisdom, this original and stimulating book concludes that accounts of a democratic `crisis' are greatly exaggerated. By the mid-1990s most citizens world-wide shared widespread aspirations to the ideals and principles of democratic government. At the same time there remains a marked gap between evaluations of the ideal and the practice of democracy. The public in many newer democracies in Central and Eastern Europe and in Latin America proved deeply critical of the performance of their governing regimes. And in many established democracies the 1980s saw a decline in public confidence in the core institutions of representative democracy including parliaments, the legal system, and political parties. The book considers the causes and consequences of the development of critical citizens. It will prove invaluable for those interested in comparative politics, public opinion, and the dynamics of the democratization process. ADVANCE PRAISE `The great democratic paradox of the 1990s is that it has simultaneously been the decade of democratization and the decade of growing distrust of democratic institutions. This volume admirably dissects the complex and multi-dimensional background of these conflicting trends, and presents a judicious evaluation of the grounds of optimism and pessimism—in which, fortunately, the former prevails.' AREND LIJPHART, University of California San Diego `Critical Citizens is the most comprehensive collection of comparative work on confidence in government and sources of public support for democracy. I strongly recommend it.' SEYMOUR MARTIN LIPSET, George mason University `Pippa Norris and her colleagues examine claims and counter-claims about the erosion of public confidence in democracy, describe the depth and dynamics of trust in government, and lay out a broad and differentiated approach to the phenomenon. They sort out the rather high degree of support for democracy from widespread uneasiness with the workings of instituions and with the behaviour of politicians. Their book is must reading for survey researchers and comparative students of democracy alike.' SIDNEY TARROW, Cornell University `This is the most impressive comparative study of how citizens in contemporay democracies relate to their governments. In an age of expanding democratic institutions around the globe, the authors of Critical Citizens capture the reader's interest and provide a masterful update on one of the critical issues of our time.' CHRISTOPHER J. ANDERSON, Binghamton University (SUNY) `It is the Civic Culture study 40 years later . . .Critical Citizens is a landmark comparative study of trends in attitudes toward nation, government regime, political institutions, and leaders, in some forty regionally well-distributed countries, bringing together the resaerch of a cross-national team of social scientists, led by Pippa Norris of the Harvard Kennedy School. It is full of theoretically interesting insights, as well as findings that have an important bearing on public policy.' GABRIEL ALMOND, Stanford

Democratic Citizenship and War

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Release : 2014-06-03
Genre : History
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 346/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Democratic Citizenship and War by : Yoav Peled

Download or read book Democratic Citizenship and War written by Yoav Peled. This book was released on 2014-06-03. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume explores the theoretical and practical implications of war and terror situations for citizenship in democratic states. Citizenship is a key concept in Western political thought for defining the individual’s relations with society. The specific nature of these rights, duties and contributions, as well the relations between them, are determined by the citizenship discourses that prevail in each society. In wartime, including low-intensity wars, democratic societies face different challenges than the ones facing them during peacetime, in areas such as human rights, the status of minorities, the state’s obligations to its citizens, and the meaning of social solidarity. War situations can affect not only the scope of citizenship as an institution, but also the relations between the prevailing discourses of citizenship and between different groups of citizens. Since 9/11 and the declaration of the 'war on terror', many democracies have been grappling with issues rising out of the interface between citizenship and war. This volume examines the effects of war on various aspects of citizenship practice, including: immigration and naturalization, the welfare state, individual liberties, gender relations, multiculturalism, social solidarity, and state – civil society relations. This book will be of great interest to students of military studies, political science, IR and security studies in general.

Institutions and Democratic Citizenship

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Release : 2001-07-05
Genre : Political Science
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Book Rating : 294/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Institutions and Democratic Citizenship by : Axel Hadenius

Download or read book Institutions and Democratic Citizenship written by Axel Hadenius. This book was released on 2001-07-05. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the nature and role of democratic citizenship, the conditions necessary fro its development, and its relationship to the key democratic institutions of the state. Comparing and contrasting the patterns of political development and practice in established democracies with those states that have experienced democatic breakdown, the author aims to contribute to our understanding of the political conditions that sustain liberal democracy. The book contains twoparts, which have a broad theme in common. The aim in Part One is to contribute to the debate on democracy's preconditions. Drawing on a broad range of theories, the author specifies certain societal and institutional traits which can serve to further democracy. Democratic development in Africa, LatinAmerica and India then is compared. The conclusion is that democracy is not the product of social and economic forces first of all. To a yet greater extent it is the consequence of prevailing institutional conditions, i.e. the nature of the state.The historical development of state structures is the object of analysis in Part Two. The focus is mainly on Europe. The prospects for democracy in modern times have been greatly affected, the author maintain, by varying paths of institutional development. Moreover, the differing modes of state have displayed a variable capacity for governance and economic development. The evolution of state structures thus has consequences across broad areas of political and social life.

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