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Political Authority in Burma's Ethnic Minority States

2007 Social Science
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Release : 2007
Genre : Social Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 622/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Political Authority in Burma's Ethnic Minority States by : Mary Patricia Callahan

Download or read book Political Authority in Burma's Ethnic Minority States written by Mary Patricia Callahan. This book was released on 2007. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the enormous variation and complexity that characterize relationships between the national state and locally-based, often non-state actors who negotiate and compete for political authority in Burma’s ethnic minority-dominated states along the borders. Three patterns of relationships are explored: devolution by the national state to warlord-like local authorities; occupation by the Burmese military; and coexistence (with varying degrees of cooperation and understanding) among actors from the national state and local stakeholders. Throughout these border states, leaders of the Burmese government’s armed forces and of past and currently-active armed opposition forces operate within a context that is neither war nor peace, but instead a kind of post-civil-war, not-quite-peace environment. To understand the complex political arrangements that have arisen in this environment, this monograph employs the concept of “emerging political complex” — a set of adaptive networks that link state and other political authorities to domestic and foreign business concerns (some legal, others illegal), traditional indigenous leaders, religious authorities, overseas refugee and diaspora communities, political party leaders, and nongovernmental organizations. All of these players make rules, extract resources, provide protection, and try to order a moral universe, but none of them are able, or even inclined, to trump the others for monolithic national supremacy. Conflict resolution strategies have to recognize that these emerging political complexes are not simply unfortunate bumps in the road to peace but instead constitute intricate and evolving social systems that may continue to be adapted and sustained.

Making Enemies

2003 Burma
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Release : 2003
Genre : Burma
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 671/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Making Enemies by : Mary Patricia Callahan

Download or read book Making Enemies written by Mary Patricia Callahan. This book was released on 2003. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Burmese army took political power in Burma in 1962 and has ruled the country ever since. The persistence of this government--even in the face of long-term nonviolent opposition led by activist Aung San Suu Kyi, who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991--has puzzled scholars. In a book relevant to current debates about democratization, Mary P. Callahan seeks to explain the extraordinary durability of the Burmese military regime. In her view, the origins of army rule are to be found in the relationship between war and state formation.Burma's colonial past had seen a large imbalance between the military and civil sectors. That imbalance was accentuated soon after formal independence by one of the earliest and most persistent covert Cold War conflicts, involving CIA-funded Kuomintang incursions across the Burmese border into the People's Republic of China. Because this raised concerns in Rangoon about the possibility of a showdown with Communist China, the Burmese Army received even more autonomy and funding to protect the integrity of the new nation-state.The military transformed itself during the late 1940s and the 1950s from a group of anticolonial guerrilla bands into the professional force that seized power in 1962. The army edged out all other state and social institutions in the competition for national power. Making Enemies draws upon Callahan's interviews with former military officers and her archival work in Burmese libraries and halls of power. Callahan's unparalleled access allows her to correct existing explanations of Burmese authoritarianism and to supply new information about the coups of 1958 and 1962.

Winning by Process

2022-08-15 History
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Release : 2022-08-15
Genre : History
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 551/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Winning by Process by : Jacques Bertrand

Download or read book Winning by Process written by Jacques Bertrand. This book was released on 2022-08-15. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winning by Process asks why the peace process stalled in the decade from 2011 to 2021 despite a liberalizing regime, a national ceasefire agreement, and a multilateral peace dialogue between the state and ethnic minorities. Winning by Process argues that stalled conflicts are more than pauses or stalemates. "Winning by process," as opposed to winning by war or agreement, represents the state's ability to gain advantage by manipulating the rules of negotiation, bargaining process, and sites of power and resources. In Myanmar, five such strategies allowed the state to gain through process: locking in, sequencing, layering, outflanking, and outgunning. The Myanmar case shows how process can shift the balance of power in negotiations intended to bring an end to civil war. During the last decade, the Myanmar state and military controlled the process, neutralized ethnic minority groups, and continued to impose their vision of a centralized state even as they appeared to support federalism.

The "other" Karen in Myanmar

2012 Political Science
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Release : 2012
Genre : Political Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 525/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The "other" Karen in Myanmar by : Ardeth Maung Thawnghmung

Download or read book The "other" Karen in Myanmar written by Ardeth Maung Thawnghmung. This book was released on 2012. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first study to an offer insight into non-armed, non-insurgent members of ethnic groups that are associated with well-known armed organizations. It analyzes the nature of the relationships between the "quiet" minorities and their "rebel" counterparts and assesses how these intra-ethnic differences and divisions affect the armed resistance movement, negotiation with state authorities, conflict resolution, and political reform. This field-based study of the Karen in Burma also provides theoretical and policy implications for other ethnically polarized countries.

An Unclear Roadmap

2013 Burma
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Release : 2013
Genre : Burma
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : /5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis An Unclear Roadmap by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific

Download or read book An Unclear Roadmap written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific. This book was released on 2013. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

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