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Parochial Altruism: Pitfalls and Prospects

2016-08-18 Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
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Release : 2016-08-18
Genre : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 452/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Parochial Altruism: Pitfalls and Prospects by : Hannes Rusch

Download or read book Parochial Altruism: Pitfalls and Prospects written by Hannes Rusch. This book was released on 2016-08-18. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of recent influential publications have promoted the idea that the high levels of altruism and violent intergroup conflicts observed in humans might be the result of a joint evolution of behavioral traits causing cooperativeness among group members ('in-group love') and spite and aggression between members of different groups ('out-group hate'). This hypothesis, dating back to Darwin himself, has been dubbed 'parochial altruism'. While much empirical evidence has been collected which shows that humans readily condition their social behaviors on their conspecifics' group membership, a number of important questions still remain unanswered. These include: Which selective mechanisms are at work in the suggested co-evolution of in-group love and out-group hate: individual selection, kin selection, sexual selection? When and why does altruism become parochial? When and why can parochialism be altruistic? How does parochial altruism fare in comparison to other explanatory approaches to the question of why humans are altruistic and why they are collectively aggressive? Did human prehistory really offer the conditions required for parochial altruism to evolve? Is parochial altruism universal across situational contexts and cultures? Which factors can explain individual differences in parochial altruism? This Research Topic brings together current interdisciplinary works on the topic. Lab and field experiments using different methods critically investigate the antecedents, forms, and consequences of parochial altruism. As such, the Research Topic contributes to close some important research gaps but also provides an overview of the diverse methods for studying parochial altruism across scientific disciplines.

Parochial Altruism: Pitfalls and Prospects

2016
Download Parochial Altruism: Pitfalls and Prospects PDF Online Free

Author :
Release : 2016
Genre :
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : /5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Parochial Altruism: Pitfalls and Prospects by :

Download or read book Parochial Altruism: Pitfalls and Prospects written by . This book was released on 2016. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of recent influential publications have promoted the idea that the high levels of altruism and violent intergroup conflicts observed in humans might be the result of a joint evolution of behavioral traits causing cooperativeness among group members ('in-group love') and spite and aggression between members of different groups ('out-group hate'). This hypothesis, dating back to Darwin himself, has been dubbed 'parochial altruism'. While much empirical evidence has been collected which shows that humans readily condition their social behaviors on their conspecifics' group membership, a number of important questions still remain unanswered. These include: Which selective mechanisms are at work in the suggested co-evolution of in-group love and out-group hate: individual selection, kin selection, sexual selection? When and why does altruism become parochial? When and why can parochialism be altruistic? How does parochial altruism fare in comparison to other explanatory approaches to the question of why humans are altruistic and why they are collectively aggressive? Did human prehistory really offer the conditions required for parochial altruism to evolve? Is parochial altruism universal across situational contexts and cultures? Which factors can explain individual differences in parochial altruism? This Research Topic brings together current interdisciplinary works on the topic. Lab and field experiments using different methods critically investigate the antecedents, forms, and consequences of parochial altruism. As such, the Research Topic contributes to close some important research gaps but also provides an overview of the diverse methods for studying parochial altruism across scientific disciplines.

Dissecting Discrimination

2021-08-28 Business & Economics
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Release : 2021-08-28
Genre : Business & Economics
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 691/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Dissecting Discrimination by : Daniel Villiger

Download or read book Dissecting Discrimination written by Daniel Villiger. This book was released on 2021-08-28. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Open-Access-book examines the phenomenon of discrimination using a descriptive approach. Discrimination is omnipresent, whether it is people who discriminate against other people or, more recently, also machines that discriminate against people. The first part of the analysis employs decision theory on discrimination, leading to two fundamental subtypes: taste-based discrimination and statistical discrimination. The second part links taste-based discrimination to social identity theory, demonstrates that not all taste-based discrimination is ultimately statistical discrimination, and reveals the evolutionary origins of our tastes. The third part surveys how people get their beliefs for statistical discrimination and thereby shows that they often deviate from Bayesianism: they have inherent prior beliefs and do not exclusively update their beliefs according to Bayes’ law. Additionally, the analysis of belief formation highlights the importance of the learning environment. The last part reassembles the previously dissected aspects of discrimination, presents a new descriptive model of discrimination, and lists five implications for a normative theory of discrimination.

Improving Intergroup Relations

2001-07-27 Medical
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Release : 2001-07-27
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 234/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Improving Intergroup Relations by : Walter G. Stephan

Download or read book Improving Intergroup Relations written by Walter G. Stephan. This book was released on 2001-07-27. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended both as supplementary reading for courses and as a practical guidebook for individuals and programs interested in reducing prejudice and improving intergroup relations. It provides the only comprehensive review and compilation of techniques of improving intergroup relations. There's a huge amount of literature on the causes and nature of prejudice, reflecting great interest in the topic, but the literature on prejudice reduction is more scattered, spread across a range of theoretical and applied sources. This book brings these literatures together with an emphasis on helping to elucidate what works and why.

The Evolution of Cooperation

2009-04-29 Business & Economics
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Release : 2009-04-29
Genre : Business & Economics
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 884/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Evolution of Cooperation by : Robert Axelrod

Download or read book The Evolution of Cooperation written by Robert Axelrod. This book was released on 2009-04-29. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A famed political scientist's classic argument for a more cooperative world We assume that, in a world ruled by natural selection, selfishness pays. So why cooperate? In The Evolution of Cooperation, political scientist Robert Axelrod seeks to answer this question. In 1980, he organized the famed Computer Prisoners Dilemma Tournament, which sought to find the optimal strategy for survival in a particular game. Over and over, the simplest strategy, a cooperative program called Tit for Tat, shut out the competition. In other words, cooperation, not unfettered competition, turns out to be our best chance for survival. A vital book for leaders and decision makers, The Evolution of Cooperation reveals how cooperative principles help us think better about everything from military strategy, to political elections, to family dynamics.

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