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Author : Robert A. Harley
Release : 2009
Genre : Diesel motor exhaust gas
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : /5 ( reviews)
Book Synopsis On-road Measurement of Light-duty Gasoline and Heavy-duty Diesel Vehicle Emissions by : Robert A. Harley
Download or read book On-road Measurement of Light-duty Gasoline and Heavy-duty Diesel Vehicle Emissions written by Robert A. Harley. This book was released on 2009. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts
Release : 1999-11-17
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 070/5 ( reviews)
Book Synopsis Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere by : Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts
Download or read book Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere written by Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts. This book was released on 1999-11-17. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is the most comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of one of the hottest areas of chemical research. The treatment of fundamental kinetics and photochemistry will be highly useful to chemistry students and their instructors at the graduate level, as well as postdoctoral fellows entering this new, exciting, and well-funded field with a Ph.D. in a related discipline (e.g., analytical, organic, or physical chemistry, chemical physics, etc.). Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere provides postgraduate researchers and teachers with a uniquely detailed, comprehensive, and authoritative resource. The text bridges the "gap" between the fundamental chemistry of the earth's atmosphere and "real world" examples of its application to the development of sound scientific risk assessments and associated risk management control strategies for both tropospheric and stratospheric pollutants. Serves as a graduate textbook and "must have" reference for all atmospheric scientists Provides more than 5000 references to the literature through the end of 1998 Presents tables of new actinic flux data for the troposphere and stratospher (0-40km) Summarizes kinetic and photochemical date for the troposphere and stratosphere Features problems at the end of most chapters to enhance the book's use in teaching Includes applications of the OZIPR box model with comprehensive chemistry for student use
Author : IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Release : 2015-06-04
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 284/5 ( reviews)
Book Synopsis Diesel and Gasoline Engine Exhausts and Some Nitroarenes by : IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Download or read book Diesel and Gasoline Engine Exhausts and Some Nitroarenes written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. This book was released on 2015-06-04. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of diesel and gasoline engine exhausts, and of 10 nitroarenes found in diesel engine exhaust: 3,7-dinitrofluoranthene, 3,9-dinitrofluoranthene, 1,3-dinitropyrene, 1,6-dinitropyrene, 1,8-dinitropyrene, 6-nitrochrysene, 2-nitrofluorene, 1-nitropyrene, 4-nitropyrene, and 3-nitrobenzanthrone. Diesel engines are used for transport on and off roads (e.g. passenger cars, buses, trucks, trains, ships), for machinery in various industrial sectors (e.g. mining, construction), and for electricity generators, particularly in developing countries. Gasoline engines are used in cars and hand-held equipment (e.g. chainsaws). The emissions from such combustion engines comprise a complex and varying mixture of gases (e.g. carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides), particles (e.g. PM10, PM2.5, ultrafine particles, elemental carbon, organic carbon, ash, sulfate, and metals), volatile organic compunds (e.g. benzene, formaldehyde) and semi-volatile organic compounds (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) including oxygenated and nitrated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Diesel and gasoline engines thus make a significant contribution to a broad range of air pollutants to which people are exposed in the general population as well as in different occupational settings. An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of environmental or occupational exposure to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts (including those associated with the mining, railroad, construction, and transportation industries) and to 10 selected nitroarenes. -- Back cover.
Author : National Research Council
Release : 2010-07-30
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 474/5 ( reviews)
Book Synopsis Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles by : National Research Council
Download or read book Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council. This book was released on 2010-07-30. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame.
Author : Martin Weiss
Release : 2011
Genre : Automobiles
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 728/5 ( reviews)
Book Synopsis Analyzing On-road Emissions of Light-duty Vehicles with Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) by : Martin Weiss
Download or read book Analyzing On-road Emissions of Light-duty Vehicles with Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) written by Martin Weiss. This book was released on 2011. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emissions testing in the laboratory forms an essential part of the European type approval procedure for light-duty vehicles. The approach yields reproducible and comparable emissions data and provides clear design criteria for vehicles that have to comply with applicable emission limits. Although emission limits have become increasingly stringent in the past decade, road transport remains the most important source of urban air pollution in Europe with respect to NOX (nitrogen oxides) and CO (carbon monoxide). Several studies have indicated that in particular on-road NOX emissions of light-duty diesel vehicles might substantially exceed emission levels as identified during emissions testing in the laboratory. Still, a comprehensive analysis of on-road emissions of light-duty diesel and gasoline vehicles is unavailable to date. This report addresses the existing knowledge gaps by using Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) to analyze the on-road emissions of 12 light-duty diesel and gasoline vehicles that comply with Euro 3-5 emission limits and comprise small and midsize passenger cars, two transporters, and a minivan. The selected vehicles where tested on four test routes, representing rural, urban, uphill/downhill, and motorway driving.
