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Obesity, Smoking, and Fatty Liver Disease

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Release : 2018-04-20
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Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 738/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Obesity, Smoking, and Fatty Liver Disease by : Amiya P. Sinha-Hikim

Download or read book Obesity, Smoking, and Fatty Liver Disease written by Amiya P. Sinha-Hikim. This book was released on 2018-04-20. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Health Organization Organization estimates that over 1.9 billion people worldwide are now obese or overweight [body mass index (BMI) > 27 Kg/m2]. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is now recognized as the most devastating complications of obesity. Intimate relationship exists between obesity, innate (neutrophils, dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells, and eosinophils) and adaptive (B and T lymphocytes) immune cells. Cells of the innate immune system produce inflammatory cytokines, and other factors leading to impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Likewise, B lymphocytes (mostly B2 cells) are activated in obese adipose tissue and contribute to proinflammatory activation of adipose tissue macrophages and T cells resulting in insulin resistance. Thus, obesity-induced low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, and pancreas not only activates the innate and adaptive systems affecting metabolic homeostasis, it also results in fibrosis and necrosis. It is now becoming increasingly evident that fibrosis is a major contributor to metabolic dysregulation in obese and T2D patients and that advanced liver fibrosis leads to cirrhosis and death. The health risks associated with obesity are further exaggerated by smoking. This research topic consisting of 10 articles (9 reviews and one original) provide a comprehensive assessment of the impact of obesity on immunometabolism, cardiac functions, the connections of nicotine to NAFLD, the expression of hepatic carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), the role chromogranin A (CgA) and its peptides pancreastatin (PST) and catestatin (CST) in insulin sensitivity, the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, and the alternate RNA splicing.

Weighing the Options

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Release : 1995-03-15
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 36X/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Weighing the Options by : Committee to Develop Criteria for Evaluating the Outcomes of Approaches to Prevent and Treat Obesity

Download or read book Weighing the Options written by Committee to Develop Criteria for Evaluating the Outcomes of Approaches to Prevent and Treat Obesity. This book was released on 1995-03-15. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly one out of every three adults in America is obese and tens of millions of people in the United States are dieting at any one time. This has resulted in a weight-loss industry worth billions of dollars a year and growing. What are the long-term results of weight-loss programs? How can people sort through the many programs available and select one that is right for them? Weighing the Options strives to answer these questions. Despite widespread public concern about weight, few studies have examined the long-term results of weight-loss programs. One reason that evaluating obesity management is difficult is that no other treatment depends so much on an individual's own initiative and state of mind. Now, a distinguished group of experts assembled by the Institute of Medicine addresses this compelling issue. Weighing the Options presents criteria for evaluating treatment programs for obesity and explores what these criteria mean--to health care providers, program designers, researchers, and even overweight people seeking help. In presenting its criteria the authors offer a wealth of information about weight loss: how obesity is on the rise, what types of weight-loss programs are available, how to define obesity, how well we maintain weight loss, and what approaches and practices appear to be most successful. Information about weight-loss programs--their clients, staff qualifications, services, and success rates--necessary to make wise program choices is discussed in detail. The book examines how client demographics and characteristics--including health status, knowledge of weight-loss issues, and attitude toward weight and body image--affect which programs clients choose, how successful they are likely to be with their choices, and what this means for outcome measurement. Short- and long-term safety consequences of weight loss are discussed as well as clinical assessment of individual patients. The authors document the health risks of being overweight, summarizing data indicating that even a small weight loss reduces the risk of disease and depression and increases self-esteem. At the same time, weight loss has been associated with some poor outcomes, and the book discusses the implications for program evaluation. Prevention can be even more important than treatment. In Weighing the Options, programs for population groups, efforts targeted to specific groups at high risk for obesity, and prevention of further weight gain in obese individuals get special attention. This book provides detailed guidance on how the weight-loss industry can improve its programs to help people be more successful at long-term weight loss. And it provides consumers with tips on selecting a program that will improve their chances of permanently losing excess weight.

New Insights Into Understanding and Managing NAFLD

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Release : 2022-01-07
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 88X/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis New Insights Into Understanding and Managing NAFLD by : Águeda González Rodríguez

Download or read book New Insights Into Understanding and Managing NAFLD written by Águeda González Rodríguez. This book was released on 2022-01-07. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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Release : 2015-12-10
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 382/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by : Naga Chalasani

Download or read book Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease written by Naga Chalasani. This book was released on 2015-12-10. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the first text to concisely yet comprehensively cover developments for both alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in an organized fashion. Aspects of these two diseases covered in the book include global epidemiology and risk factors, pathogenesis, animal models, hepatic and extra-hepatic malignancies, treatment models, and current and emerging therapies. Written by experts in the field, Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Bench to Bedside is a valuable resource for gastroenterologists, pathologists, and hepatologists who treat patients with alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

The Impact of Obesity and Nutrition on Chronic Liver Diseases, An Issue of Clinics in Liver Disease

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Release : 2014-02-28
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 657/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Impact of Obesity and Nutrition on Chronic Liver Diseases, An Issue of Clinics in Liver Disease by : Zobair Younossi

Download or read book The Impact of Obesity and Nutrition on Chronic Liver Diseases, An Issue of Clinics in Liver Disease written by Zobair Younossi. This book was released on 2014-02-28. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internationally renowned experts present topics related to obesity, nutrition, and liver disease in this issue. In the first article, the epidemiology of obesity and its association with liver disease are covered. The following two articles focus on the roles that visceral adipose tissue and microbiota potentially play in the pathogenesis of obesity-related liver disease. The next article focuses on the hepatic pathology seen in patients with obesity-related liver disease and those with malnutrition. The next five articles are focused on NAFLD and provide in-depth data on the natural history and treatment strategies for patients with NAFLD. The next six articles deal with the impact of obesity on other liver diseases and on special populations including children and liver-transplant recipients. The final article provides the most updated information regarding genomics and genetic targets that may provide better prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and more personalized treatment targets for patients with NAFLD. Cutting-edge information in this issue will help readers gain better understanding of the natural history and pathogenesis of primary and secondary liver diseases associated with obesity. As the information about obesity-related liver disease expands, clinicians will be able to provide more targeted therapeutic options for these patients and develop more accurate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.

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