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Defending Planet Earth

2010-07-21 Science
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Release : 2010-07-21
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 681/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Defending Planet Earth by : National Research Council

Download or read book Defending Planet Earth written by National Research Council. This book was released on 2010-07-21. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States spends approximately $4 million each year searching for near-Earth objects (NEOs). The objective is to detect those that may collide with Earth. The majority of this funding supports the operation of several observatories that scan the sky searching for NEOs. This, however, is insufficient in detecting the majority of NEOs that may present a tangible threat to humanity. A significantly smaller amount of funding supports ways to protect the Earth from such a potential collision or "mitigation." In 2005, a Congressional mandate called for NASA to detect 90 percent of NEOs with diameters of 140 meters of greater by 2020. Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies identifies the need for detection of objects as small as 30 to 50 meters as these can be highly destructive. The book explores four main types of mitigation including civil defense, "slow push" or "pull" methods, kinetic impactors and nuclear explosions. It also asserts that responding effectively to hazards posed by NEOs requires national and international cooperation. Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies is a useful guide for scientists, astronomers, policy makers and engineers.

Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies

2010-01-30 Science
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Release : 2010-01-30
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 616/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies by : National Research Council

Download or read book Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies written by National Research Council. This book was released on 2010-01-30. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is currently the only country with an active, government-sponsored effort to detect and track potentially hazardous near-Earth objects (NEOs). Congress has mandated that NASA detect and track 90 percent of NEOs that are 1 kilometer in diameter or larger. These objects represent a great potential hazard to life on Earth and could cause global destruction. NASA is close to accomplishing this goal. Congress has more recently mandated that by 2020 NASA should detect and track 90 percent of NEOs that are 140 meters in diameter or larger, a category of objects that is generally recognized to represent a very significant threat to life on Earth if they strike in or near urban areas. Achieving this goal may require the building of one or more additional observatories, possibly including a space-based observatory. Congress directed NASA to ask the National Research Council to review NASA's near-Earth object programs. This interim report addresses some of the issues associated with the survey and detection of NEOs. The final report will contain findings and recommendations for survey and detection, characterization, and mitigation of near-Earth objects based on an integrated assessment of the problem.

Near-Earth Objects

2016 SCIENCE
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Release : 2016
Genre : SCIENCE
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 682/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Near-Earth Objects by : Leon Sinclair

Download or read book Near-Earth Objects written by Leon Sinclair. This book was released on 2016. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists classify comets and asteroids that pass within 28 million miles of Earth's orbit as near-Earth objects (NEOs). Asteroids that collide and break into smaller fragments are the source of most NEOs, and the resulting fragments bombard the Earth at the rate of more than 100 tons a day. Although the vast majority of NEOs that enter Earth's atmosphere disintegrate before reaching the surface, those larger than 100 meters (328 feet) may survive the descent and cause destruction in and around their impact sites. Furthermore, even smaller objects that disintegrate before reaching Earth's surface can cause significant damage. This book examines NASA's NEO Program and assesses the Agency's progress toward meeting statutory and other Program goals. Specifically, it reviews NASA's allocation and use of resources and plans for the future of the Program.

Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft

2011-12-16 Science
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Release : 2011-12-16
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 744/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft by : National Research Council

Download or read book Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft written by National Research Council. This book was released on 2011-12-16. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Derelict satellites, equipment and other debris orbiting Earth (aka space junk) have been accumulating for many decades and could damage or even possibly destroy satellites and human spacecraft if they collide. During the past 50 years, various National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) communities have contributed significantly to maturing meteoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) programs to their current state. Satellites have been redesigned to protect critical components from MMOD damage by moving critical components from exterior surfaces to deep inside a satellite's structure. Orbits are monitored and altered to minimize the risk of collision with tracked orbital debris. MMOD shielding added to the International Space Station (ISS) protects critical components and astronauts from potentially catastrophic damage that might result from smaller, untracked debris and meteoroid impacts. Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft: An Assessment of NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Program examines NASA's efforts to understand the meteoroid and orbital debris environment, identifies what NASA is and is not doing to mitigate the risks posed by this threat, and makes recommendations as to how they can improve their programs. While the report identified many positive aspects of NASA's MMOD programs and efforts including responsible use of resources, it recommends that the agency develop a formal strategic plan that provides the basis for prioritizing the allocation of funds and effort over various MMOD program needs. Other necessary steps include improvements in long-term modeling, better measurements, more regular updates of the debris environmental models, and other actions to better characterize the long-term evolution of the debris environment.

National Near-Earth Object Preparedness Strategy and Action Plan - Interagency Working Group for Detecting and Mitigating the Impact of Earth-Bound Near-Earth Objects (NEO) - Asteroids and Comets

2018-06-21
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Release : 2018-06-21
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Book Rating : 901/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis National Near-Earth Object Preparedness Strategy and Action Plan - Interagency Working Group for Detecting and Mitigating the Impact of Earth-Bound Near-Earth Objects (NEO) - Asteroids and Comets by : Department of Defense (DoD)

Download or read book National Near-Earth Object Preparedness Strategy and Action Plan - Interagency Working Group for Detecting and Mitigating the Impact of Earth-Bound Near-Earth Objects (NEO) - Asteroids and Comets written by Department of Defense (DoD). This book was released on 2018-06-21. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This June 2018 report was issued by the Interagency Working Group for Detecting and Mitigating the Impact of Earth-Bound Near-Earth Objects (NEO) and has been professionally converted for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction. In addition to the report, this compilation reproduction includes the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Aeronautics and Space Report of the President Fiscal Year 2016 activities. Contents: Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate * Science Mission Directorate * Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate * Space Technology Mission Directorate * Department of Defense * Federal Aviation Administration * Department of Commerce * Department of the Interior * Federal Communications Commission * U S Department of Agriculture * National Science Foundation * Department of State * Department of Energy * Smithsonian InstitutionThe National Near-Earth Object Preparedness Strategy and Action Plan (Strategy and Action Plan) will improve our Nation's preparedness to address the hazard of near-Earth object (NEO) impacts over the next 10 years. Its primary role is to help organize and coordinate NEO-related efforts within Federal Departments and Agencies (agencies), with a particular focus on efforts that are already existing and resourced. It seeks to leverage and enhance existing assets and capabilities--National and international, public and private--to effectively manage the risks associated with NEOs. The Strategy and Action Plan builds on efforts by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and Department of Energy (DOE) to detect and characterize the NEO population and to prevent and respond to NEO impacts on Earth.Five strategic goals, each supported by a set of strategic objectives and specific associated actions, underpin the effort to enhance the Nation's preparedness for potential NEO impacts:Goal 1: Enhance NEO Detection, Tracking, and Characterization Capabilities: NASA will lead the development of a roadmap for improving national capabilities for NEO detection, tracking, and characterization. Supporting actions will reduce current levels of uncertainty and aid in more accurate modeling and more effective decision-making.Goal 2: Improve NEO Modeling, Prediction, and Information Integration: Agencies will coordinate the development of validated modeling tools and simulation capabilities that aid in characterizing and mitigating NEO impact risks while streamlining data flows to support effective decision-making.Goal 3: Develop Technologies for NEO Deflection and Disruption Missions: NASA will lead development of technologies for fast-response NEO reconnaissance missions and timely missions to deflect or disrupt hazardous NEOs. Developing these technologies before an imminent threat arises will strengthen our ability to prevent NEO impact disasters.Goal 4: Increase International Cooperation on NEO Preparation: Agencies will work to inform and develop international support for addressing global NEO impact risks. International engagement and cooperation will help the Nation to prepare more effectively for a potential NEO impact.Goal 5: Strengthen and Routinely Exercise NEO Impact Emergency Procedures and Action Protocols

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