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Natural Systems

2016-02-18 Science
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Release : 2016-02-18
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 004/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Natural Systems by : Markus Eichhorn

Download or read book Natural Systems written by Markus Eichhorn. This book was released on 2016-02-18. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organised into four sections, this text discusses the organisation of the living world. Links Ecology, Biodiversity and Biogeography Bridges modern and conventional Ecology Builds sequentially from the concept and importance of species, through patterns of diversity to help consider global patterns of biogeography Uses real data sets to help train in essential skills

Thermodynamics of Natural Systems

2017-04-27 Science
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Release : 2017-04-27
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 216/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Thermodynamics of Natural Systems by : Greg Anderson

Download or read book Thermodynamics of Natural Systems written by Greg Anderson. This book was released on 2017-04-27. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully updated, this streamlined new textbook is an accessible introduction to thermodynamics for Earth and environmental scientists, emphasising real-world problems.

Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems

1992-04-29 Psychology
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Release : 1992-04-29
Genre : Psychology
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 110/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems by : John H. Holland

Download or read book Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems written by John H. Holland. This book was released on 1992-04-29. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic algorithms are playing an increasingly important role in studies of complex adaptive systems, ranging from adaptive agents in economic theory to the use of machine learning techniques in the design of complex devices such as aircraft turbines and integrated circuits. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems is the book that initiated this field of study, presenting the theoretical foundations and exploring applications. In its most familiar form, adaptation is a biological process, whereby organisms evolve by rearranging genetic material to survive in environments confronting them. In this now classic work, Holland presents a mathematical model that allows for the nonlinearity of such complex interactions. He demonstrates the model's universality by applying it to economics, physiological psychology, game theory, and artificial intelligence and then outlines the way in which this approach modifies the traditional views of mathematical genetics. Initially applying his concepts to simply defined artificial systems with limited numbers of parameters, Holland goes on to explore their use in the study of a wide range of complex, naturally occuring processes, concentrating on systems having multiple factors that interact in nonlinear ways. Along the way he accounts for major effects of coadaptation and coevolution: the emergence of building blocks, or schemata, that are recombined and passed on to succeeding generations to provide, innovations and improvements.

Water-Quality Engineering in Natural Systems

2006-05-19 Science
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Release : 2006-05-19
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 540/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Water-Quality Engineering in Natural Systems by : David A. Chin

Download or read book Water-Quality Engineering in Natural Systems written by David A. Chin. This book was released on 2006-05-19. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FOCUSING ON CONTAMINANT FATE AND TRANSPORT, DESIGN OF ENVIRONMENTAL-CONTROL SYSTEMS, AND REGULATORY CONSTRAINTS This textbook details the fundamental equations that describe the fate and transport of contaminantsin the water environment. The application of these fundamental equations to the design of environmental-control systems and methodologies for assessing the impact of contaminant discharges into rivers, lakes, wetlands, ground water, and oceans are all covered. Readers learn to assess how much waste can be safely assimilatedinto a water body by developing a solid understanding of the relationship between the type of pollutant discharged, the characteristics of the receiving water, and physical, chemical, and biological impacts. In cases of surface runoff from urban and agricultural watersheds, quantitative relationships between the quality of surface runoff and the characteristics of contaminant sources located within the watersheds are presented. Some of the text's distinguishing features include its emphasis on the engineering design of systems that control the fate and transport of contaminants in the water environment, the design of remediation systems, and regulatory constraints. Particular attention is given to use-attainability analyses and the estimation of total maximum daily loads, both of which are essential components of water-quality control in natural systems. Readers are provided with a thorough explanation of the complex set of laws and regulations governing water-quality control in the United States. Proven as an effective textbook in several offerings of the author's class "Water Quality Control in Natural Systems," the flow of the text is carefully structured to facilitate learning. Moreover, a number of practical pedagogical tools are offered: * Practical examples used throughout the text illustrate the effects of controlling the quality, quantity, timing, and distribution of contaminant discharges into the environment * End-of-chapter problems, and an accompanying solutions manual, help readers assess their grasp of each topic as they progress through the text * Several appendices with useful reference material are provided, including current U.S. Water Quality Standards * Detailed bibliography guides readers to additional resources to explore particular topics in greater depth With its emphasis on contaminant fate and transport and design of environmental-control systems, this text is ideal for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students in environmental and civil engineering programs.Environmental scientists and practicing environmental/civil engineers will also find the text relevant and useful.

Positive Feedback in Natural Systems

2012-12-06 Mathematics
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Release : 2012-12-06
Genre : Mathematics
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 253/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Positive Feedback in Natural Systems by : Donald L. DeAngelis

Download or read book Positive Feedback in Natural Systems written by Donald L. DeAngelis. This book was released on 2012-12-06. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cybernetics, a science concerned with understanding how systems are regulated, has reflected the preoccupations of the century in which it was born. Regulation is important in twentieth century society, where both machines and social organizations are complex. Cybernetics focused on and became primarily associated with the homeostasis or stability of system behavior and with the negative feedbacks that stabilize systems. It paid less attention to the processes opposite to negative feedback, the positive feedback processes that act to change systems. We attempt to redress the balance here by illustrating the enormous importance of positive feedbacks in natural systems. In an article in the American Scientist in 1963, Maruyama called for increased attention to this topic, noting that processes of change could occur when a "deviation in anyone component of the system caused deviations in other components that acted back on the first component to reinforce of amplify the initial deviation." The deviation amplification is the result of positive feedback among system components. Maruyama demonstrated by numerous examples that the neglect of such processes was unjustified and suggested that a new branch of cybernetics, "the second cybernetics," be devoted to their study.

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