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Mussolini's Eastern Crusade

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Release : 2021-09-23
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Book Synopsis Mussolini's Eastern Crusade by : Marek Sobski

Download or read book Mussolini's Eastern Crusade written by Marek Sobski. This book was released on 2021-09-23. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Benito Mussolini was an exceptionally hot-headed politician. No wonder then that when reports from various sources began to reach him about the invasion of the Soviet Union planned by Adolf Hitler, in the blink of an eye he made the decision to accompany his friend in this new venture. The news of the enormous successes of the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front only reinforced the decision to send representatives of the Italian armed forces to Russia in the form of the Expeditionary Corps (Corpo di Spedizione Italiano in Russia; CSIR). It was one of the most disastrous decisions of the Duce, which in time directly contributed to the collapse of the fascist regime, as the number of victims and brutality of the fighting in the east terrified the Italian public opinion, which never looked at war in such a total way as it was in the 3rd Reich or USSR. In early July 1941, three Italian divisions and a Blackshirt Legion began their journey into the unknown. There, soldiers were to fight against a completely unknown opponent, among peoples and ethnicities of the Soviet Union oppressed by red terror and living on the verge of poverty. Italians also quickly understood that their enemy would be the climate, regardless of the season. Nevertheless, they proudly represented their country, and the period discussed in the book was indeed a time of heavy fighting, but also successes, which for Italian troops were so often missing in World War Two. At the same time, the first symptoms of impending catastrophe appeared. CSIR logistics turned out to be ineffective, the enemy's reserves of manpower seemed to be endless, and in terms of the quality and availability of weapons, he quickly began to outperform the Italians. The book covers the first period of Italian involvement on the Eastern Front: CSIR's participation in Operation "Barbarossa" and the Soviet counteroffensive in the winter of 1941/1942. The basis for the decision to increase the Italian participation to the level of an entire army (the 8th Army, commonly known as Armata Italiana in Russia - ARMIR) is also presented. One of the chapters is also devoted to the aviation component, which was subordinated to the command of the CSIR. The book is being illustrated by 8 maps and 97 photographs of the main theme of the work as well as photo album: Operation "Barbarossa" as seen in the Italian press at the time. Table of contents: Maps Introduction I. Fascist Italy And The USSR (1922-1941) II. Mussolini - An Unexpected Crusader III. Formation Of The Corpo di Spedizione Italiano in Russia IV. Army Group "South" In Operation "Barbarossa" V. Workers' And Peasants' Red Army VI. Manoeuvre at Petrykivka VII. Italians in the Donetsk Basin VIII. The Christmas Battle IX. The Last Actions of the Corps X. The decision to form ARMIR XI. Behind the CSIR Lines XII. The Italian Air Corps on the Eastern Front Conclusion Appendix 1 Italian Ranks and Appointments Used Throughout The Book And Their British Equivalents Appendix 2 Biographies Of The High-Ranking Italian Commanders of Corpo di Spedizione Italiano in Russia Appendix 3 Ordre de Bataille of Corpo di Spedizione Italiano in Russia Bibliography Photo album: Operation "Barbarossa"

Mussolini's War in the East 1941-1943.

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Release : 2021-04-10
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Book Synopsis Mussolini's War in the East 1941-1943. by : Patrick Cloutier

Download or read book Mussolini's War in the East 1941-1943. written by Patrick Cloutier. This book was released on 2021-04-10. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published 80 years after the "Corpo di Spedizione Italiano in Russia" (CSIR) began combat operations in the Soviet Union, "Mussolini's War in the East 1941-1943" describes Italian participation in the Russian campaign. The first part of the book outlines the causes and motivations for Mussolini to declare war against the USSR on 22 June 1941 and Italy's preparedness to fight a modern, mobile war. It then goes on to discuss the battles the CSIR took part in Operation Barbarossa, from August to the Christmas Battle of 1941. The second part of the book covers Italian participation on Russian Front in 1942 and 1943. It discusses the struggle to survive in the first winter, Italian contributions to the First and Second Battles of Izyum, expansion of Italy's commitment and formation of the Armata Italiana in Russia (ARMIR). The section details the march to the Don River as part of Operation "Blue", the First Defensive Battle of the Don River, the cataclysmic Red Army counter-offensives in December 1942 and January 1943, and the harrowing Italian retreats. "Mussolini's War in the East" also discusses Italian naval operations on the Black Sea and Lake Ladoga, the Italian-sponsored 88th Croat Legion, the Carabinieri, the Blackshirts, the Italian armor, and the contributions of the Regia Aeronautica on the Russian Front.

Mussolini and His Generals

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Release : 2007-12-24
Genre : History
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Book Rating : 027/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Mussolini and His Generals by : John Gooch

Download or read book Mussolini and His Generals written by John Gooch. This book was released on 2007-12-24. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study of the relationship between the military and foreign policies of Fascist Italy, 1922 to 1940.

Mussolini's War

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Release : 2010-05-06
Genre : History
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Book Rating : 560/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Mussolini's War by : Frank Joseph

Download or read book Mussolini's War written by Frank Joseph. This book was released on 2010-05-06. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the great misconceptions of modern times is the assumption that Benito Mussolini was Hitler's junior partner, who made no significant contributions to the Second World War. That conclusion originated with Allied propagandists determined to boost Anglo-American morale, while undermining Axis cooperation. The Duce's failings, real or imagined, were inflated and ridiculed; his successes, pointedly demeaned or ignored. Italy's bungling navy, ineffectual army - as cowardly as it was ill-equipped - and air force of antiquated biplanes were handily dealt with by the Western Allies. So effective was this disinformation campaign that it became post-war history, and is still generally taken for granted even by otherwise well-informed scholars and students of World War Two. But a closer examination of recently disclosed, and often neglected, original source materials presents an entirely different picture. They shine new light, for example, on Italy's submarine service, the world's greatest in terms of tonnage, its boats sinking nearly three-quarters of a million tons of Allied shipping in three years' time. During a single operation, Italian 'human torpedoes' sank the battleships HMS Valiant and Queen Elizabeth, plus an eight-thousand-ton tanker, at their home anchorage in Alexandria, Egypt. By mid-1942, Mussolini's navy had fought its way back from crushing defeats to become the dominant power in the Mediterranean Sea. Contrary to popular belief, his Fiat biplanes gave as good as they got in the Battle of Britain, and their monoplane replacements, such as the Macchi Greyhound, were state-of-the-art interceptors superior to the American Mustang. Savoia-Marchetti Sparrowhawk bombers accounted for seventy-two Allied warships and one hundred-ninety-six freighters before the Bagdolio armistice in 1943. On 7 June 1942, infantry of the Italian X Corps saved Rommel's XV Brigade near Gazala, in North Africa, from otherwise certain annihilation, while horse-soldiers of the Third Cavalry Division Amedeo Duca d'Aosta defeated Soviet forces on the Don River before Stalingrad the following August in history's last cavalry charge. As influential as these operations were on the course of World War Two, more potentially decisive was Mussolini's planned aggression against the United States' mainland. Postponed only at the last moment when its conventional explosives were slated for substitution by a nuclear device, New York City escaped an atomic attack by margins more narrow than previously understood. It is now known that Italian scientists led the world in nuclear research in 1939, and a four-engine Piaggio heavy bomber was modified to carry an atomic bomb five years later. These and numerous other disclosures combine to debunk lingering propaganda stereotypes of an inept, ineffectual Italian armed forces. That dated portrayal is rendered obsolete by a true-to-life account of the men and weapons of Mussolini's War.

A Twentieth-Century Crusade

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Release : 2019-06-17
Genre : History
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Book Rating : 13X/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis A Twentieth-Century Crusade by : Giuliana Chamedes

Download or read book A Twentieth-Century Crusade written by Giuliana Chamedes. This book was released on 2019-06-17. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive history of the Vatican’s agenda to defeat the forces of secular liberalism and communism through international law, cultural diplomacy, and a marriage of convenience with authoritarian and right-wing rulers. After the United States entered World War I and the Russian Revolution exploded, the Vatican felt threatened by forces eager to reorganize the European international order and cast the Church out of the public sphere. In response, the papacy partnered with fascist and right-wing states as part of a broader crusade that made use of international law and cultural diplomacy to protect European countries from both liberal and socialist taint. A Twentieth-Century Crusade reveals that papal officials opposed Woodrow Wilson’s international liberal agenda by pressing governments to sign concordats assuring state protection of the Church in exchange for support from the masses of Catholic citizens. These agreements were implemented in Mussolini’s Italy and Hitler’s Germany, as well as in countries like Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. In tandem, the papacy forged a Catholic International—a political and diplomatic foil to the Communist International—which spread a militant anticommunist message through grassroots organizations and new media outlets. It also suppressed Catholic antifascist tendencies, even within the Holy See itself. Following World War II, the Church attempted to mute its role in strengthening fascist states, as it worked to advance its agenda in partnership with Christian Democratic parties and a generation of Cold War warriors. The papal mission came under fire after Vatican II, as Church-state ties weakened and antiliberalism and anticommunism lost their appeal. But—as Giuliana Chamedes shows in her groundbreaking exploration—by this point, the Vatican had already made a lasting mark on Eastern and Western European law, culture, and society.

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