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Misreporting month of birth: Implications for nutrition research

2017-03-09 Political Science
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Release : 2017-03-09
Genre : Political Science
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Book Synopsis Misreporting month of birth: Implications for nutrition research by : Larsen, Anna Folke

Download or read book Misreporting month of birth: Implications for nutrition research written by Larsen, Anna Folke. This book was released on 2017-03-09. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Height-for-age z-scores (HAZs) and stunting status (HAZ<−2) are widely used to measure child nutrition and population health. However, accurate measurement of age is nontrivial in populations with low levels of literacy and numeracy, limited use of formal birth records, and weak cultural norms surrounding birthdays and calendar use. In this paper we use Demographic and Health Surveys data from 62 countries over the period 1990–2014 to describe two statistical artifacts indicative of misreporting of age. The first artifact consists of lower HAZs for children reported to be born earlier in each calendar year (resulting in implausibly large HAZ gaps between January- and December-born children), which is consistent with some degree of randomness in month of birth reporting. The second artifact consists of lower HAZs for children with a reported age just below a round age (and hence implausibly large HAZ gaps between children with reported ages just below and just above round ages), which is consistent with survey respondents rounding ages down more than they round ages up. Using simulations, we show how these forms of misreporting child age can replicate observed patterns in the data, and that they have small impacts on estimated rates of stunting but important implications for research that relies on birth timing to identify exposure to various risks, particularly seasonal shocks. Moreover, the misreporting we identify differs from conventional age-heaping concerns, implying that the metrics described above could constitute useful markers of measurement error in nutrition surveys. Future research should also investigate ways to reduce these errors.

POSHAN's abstract digest on maternal and child nutrition research - Issue 26

2019-02-20 Political Science
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Release : 2019-02-20
Genre : Political Science
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Book Synopsis POSHAN's abstract digest on maternal and child nutrition research - Issue 26 by : Avula, Rasmi, ed.

Download or read book POSHAN's abstract digest on maternal and child nutrition research - Issue 26 written by Avula, Rasmi, ed.. This book was released on 2019-02-20. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are delighted to present to you the first issue of Abstract Digest for this year. This issue has two important LANCET Commission Reports. The EAT–Lancet Commission is the first of a series of initiatives on nutrition, led by The Lancet in 2019, followed by the Commission on the Global Syndemic of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change. Along with these, we have articles from an issue of Public Health Nutrition that focuses on child and adolescent nutrition, and much more.

Nutrition transition and the structure of global food demand

2017-04-07 Political Science
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Release : 2017-04-07
Genre : Political Science
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Book Synopsis Nutrition transition and the structure of global food demand by : Gouel, Christophe

Download or read book Nutrition transition and the structure of global food demand written by Gouel, Christophe. This book was released on 2017-04-07. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimating future demand for food is a critical aspect of global food security analyses. The process linking dietary changes to wealth is known as the nutrition transition and presents well-identified features that help to predict consumption changes in poor countries. This study proposes to represent the nutrition transition with a nonhomothetic, flexible-in-income, demand system, known as the Modified Implicitly Directly Additive Demand System (MAIDADS). The resulting model is transparent and estimated statistically based on cross-sectional information from FAOSTAT the statistical database of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. It captures the main features of the nutrition transition: rise in demand for calories associated with income growth; diversification of diets away from starchy staples; and a large increase in caloric demand for animal-based products, fats, and sweeteners. The estimated model is used to project food demand between 2010 and 2050 based on a set of plausible futures (trend projections and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways scenarios). The main results of these projections are as follows: (1) global food demand will increase by 46 percent, less than half the growth in the previous four decades; (2) this growth will be attributable mainly to lower-middle-income and low-income countries; (3) the structure of global food demand will change over the period, with a 95 percent increase in demand for animal-based calories and a much smaller 18 percent increase in demand for starchy staples; and (4) the analysis of a range of population and income projections reveals important uncertainties depending on the scenario, the projected increases in demand for animal-based and vegetal-based calories range from 78 to 109 percent and from 20 to 42 percent, respectively.

Nutrition incentives in dairy contract farming in northern Senegal

2017-04-07 Political Science
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Release : 2017-04-07
Genre : Political Science
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Book Synopsis Nutrition incentives in dairy contract farming in northern Senegal by : Bernard, Tanguy

Download or read book Nutrition incentives in dairy contract farming in northern Senegal written by Bernard, Tanguy. This book was released on 2017-04-07. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health-related incentives to reward effort or commitment are commonplace in many professional contracts throughout the world. Typically absent from small-scale agriculture in poor countries, such incentives may help overcome both health issues for remote rural families and supply issues for firms. Using a randomized control design, we investigate the impact of adding a micronutrient-fortified product in contracts between a Senegalese dairy processing factory and its seminomadic milk suppliers. Findings show significant increases in frequency of delivery but only limited impacts on total milk delivered. These impacts are time sensitive and limited mostly to households where women are more in control of milk contracts.

Smog in our brains: Gender differences in the impact of exposure to air pollution on cognitive performance in China

2017-03-11 Political Science
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Release : 2017-03-11
Genre : Political Science
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Book Synopsis Smog in our brains: Gender differences in the impact of exposure to air pollution on cognitive performance in China by : Chen, Xi

Download or read book Smog in our brains: Gender differences in the impact of exposure to air pollution on cognitive performance in China written by Chen, Xi. This book was released on 2017-03-11. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While there is a large body of literature on the negative health effects of air pollution, there is much less written about its effects on cognitive performance for the whole population. This paper studies the effects of contemporaneous and cumulative exposure to air pollution on cognitive performance based on a nationally representative survey in China. By merging a longitudinal sample at the individual level with local air-quality data according to the exact dates and counties of interviews, we find that contemporaneous and cumulative exposure to air pollution impedes both verbal and math scores of survey subjects. Interestingly, the negative effect is stronger for men than for women. Specifically, the gender difference is more salient among the old and less educated in both verbal and math tests.

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