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Microscopic Properties and Processes in Minerals

1999-10-31 Science
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Release : 1999-10-31
Genre : Science
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Book Rating : 814/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Microscopic Properties and Processes in Minerals by : Kate Wright

Download or read book Microscopic Properties and Processes in Minerals written by Kate Wright. This book was released on 1999-10-31. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major developments in Earth Sciences in general, and mineralogy in particular, has been the growth of our understanding of the microscopic behaviour of the complex materials that make up the Earth. This has been made possible by advances in our ability to probe minerals at the atomic level, over a large range of pressure and temperature conditions. New experimental techniques include the use of scanning probe microscopies to investigate mineral surfaces, as well as the use of neutron scattering, nuclear spectroscopies and synchrotron radiation to investigate the bonding and structure of minerals. In addition, there have been major developments in computational methods so that it is now possible to calculate the electronic structure of many rock forming materials. The aim of this volume is to give a coherent survey of the latest developments in experimental and theoretical approaches to the study of microscopic propertie~ and processes in minerals. Chapters in the book cover a number of key themes in the mineral sciences such as the behaviour of minerals at extremes of pressure and temperature, ordering in complex silicates, mechanisms of water incorporation in mantle phases, the importance of reactions occurring at the mineral surface, and the ability of computational methods to provide useful, qualitative information on the bulk and surface properties of minerals. The background to several experimental techniques is covered in some detail with examples of relevance to the issues cited above.

Microscopic Properties and Processes in Minerals

1999-10-31 Science
Download Microscopic Properties and Processes in Minerals PDF Online Free

Author :
Release : 1999-10-31
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 814/5 ( reviews)

GET EBOOK


Book Synopsis Microscopic Properties and Processes in Minerals by : Kate Wright

Download or read book Microscopic Properties and Processes in Minerals written by Kate Wright. This book was released on 1999-10-31. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major developments in Earth Sciences in general, and mineralogy in particular, has been the growth of our understanding of the microscopic behaviour of the complex materials that make up the Earth. This has been made possible by advances in our ability to probe minerals at the atomic level, over a large range of pressure and temperature conditions. New experimental techniques include the use of scanning probe microscopies to investigate mineral surfaces, as well as the use of neutron scattering, nuclear spectroscopies and synchrotron radiation to investigate the bonding and structure of minerals. In addition, there have been major developments in computational methods so that it is now possible to calculate the electronic structure of many rock forming materials. The aim of this volume is to give a coherent survey of the latest developments in experimental and theoretical approaches to the study of microscopic propertie~ and processes in minerals. Chapters in the book cover a number of key themes in the mineral sciences such as the behaviour of minerals at extremes of pressure and temperature, ordering in complex silicates, mechanisms of water incorporation in mantle phases, the importance of reactions occurring at the mineral surface, and the ability of computational methods to provide useful, qualitative information on the bulk and surface properties of minerals. The background to several experimental techniques is covered in some detail with examples of relevance to the issues cited above.

Physical Properties and Thermodynamic Behaviour of Minerals

2012-12-06 Science
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Release : 2012-12-06
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 912/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Physical Properties and Thermodynamic Behaviour of Minerals by : Ekhard K.H. Salje

Download or read book Physical Properties and Thermodynamic Behaviour of Minerals written by Ekhard K.H. Salje. This book was released on 2012-12-06. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role played by earth sciences in the scientific community has changed considerably during this century. Since the revolutionary discoveries of global processes such as plate tectonics, there has been an increasing awareness of just how fundamental many of the mechanisms which dominate in these processes depend on the physical properties of the materials of which the earth is made. One of the prime objectives of mineral sciences is now to understand and predict these properties in a truly quantitative manner. The macroscopic properties which are of most immediate interest in this context fall within the conventional definitions of thermodynamics, magnetism, elasticity, dielectric susceptibilities, conductivity etc. These properties reflect the microscopic contributions, at an atomistic level, of harmonic and anharmonic lattice vibrations, ionic and electronic transport as well as a great variety of ordering and clustering phenomena. The advances made by solid state physicists and chemists in defining the underlying phenomena lnvolved in the thermal evolution of materials have stimulated major new research initiatives within the Earth Sciences. Earth Scientists have combined to form active groups within the wider community of solid state and materials scientists working towards a better understanding of those physical processes which govern not only the behaviour of simple model compounds but also that of complex materials like minerals. Concomitant with this change in direction has come an increasing awareness of the need to use the typical working tools of other disciplines.

The Microscopic Determination of Soil-Forming Minerals (Classic Reprint)

2018-01-05 Science
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Release : 2018-01-05
Genre : Science
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Book Rating : 112/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Microscopic Determination of Soil-Forming Minerals (Classic Reprint) by : W. J. McCaughey

Download or read book The Microscopic Determination of Soil-Forming Minerals (Classic Reprint) written by W. J. McCaughey. This book was released on 2018-01-05. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Microscopic Determination of Soil-Forming Minerals Soils are largely the result of certain natural processes, physical, chemical, and biological, upon rock and rock materials. Consa quently the greater part of the soil is made up of mineral fragments coming from the original rock components and to some extent of decomposition and alteration products derived from the degradation products.-1 It is obvious that to understand the properties of a soil, and especially those properties which are dependent upon origin, mode of formation, and composition, the minerals of the soil must be known. Much attention has been given the mechanical composition of the Soil and its consequent physical properties; the chemical com position, organic as well as inorganic; and the biological composition, especially in recent years. But little attention has been given the mineralogical composition, and that in spite of the great advances in mineralogical technique, especially along optical lines incident to rapid development of petrographical and geological investigations. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Microscopic to Macroscopic

2018-12-17 Science
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Release : 2018-12-17
Genre : Science
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Book Rating : 865/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Microscopic to Macroscopic by : Susan Kieffer

Download or read book Microscopic to Macroscopic written by Susan Kieffer. This book was released on 2018-12-17. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 14 of Reviews in Mineralogy covers a short course about the relations among the microscopic structure of minerals and their macroscopic thermodynamic properties. Understanding the micro-to-macro relations provides a rigorous theoretical foundation for formulation of energy relations. With such a foundation, measured parameters can be understood, and extrapolation and prediction of thermodynamic properties beyond the range of measurement can be done with more confidence than if only empirical relations are used. The purpose of this course is to consider the microscopic factors that influence the free energy of minerals: atomic environments, bonding, and crystal structure. These factors influence the structural energy and the detailed nature of the lattice vibrations which are an important source of entropy and enthalpy at temperatures greater than 0 K. The same factors determine the relative energy of different phases, and thereby; the relative stability of different minerals. Configurational entropy terms arising from disorder also contribute to the energy and entropy. In transition metal compounds there are additional energy and entropy terms arising from the electronic configurations, leading to additional stabilizations, magnetic ordering, and, incidentally, color. Organized by Sue Kieffer and Alex Navrotsky, the course was presented by the ten authors of this book on the campus of Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland. This was the second of MSA's short courses to be given in conjunction with meetings of the American Geophysical Union.

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