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Microbiomes

2021-03-02 Science
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Release : 2021-03-02
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 17X/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Microbiomes by : Eugene Rosenberg

Download or read book Microbiomes written by Eugene Rosenberg. This book was released on 2021-03-02. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines an important paradigm shift in biology: Plants and animals, traditionally viewed as individuals, are now considered to be complex systems and host to a plethora of microorganisms. After first presenting historical aspects of microbiota research, bacterial compositions of individual microbiomes and the critical analysis of current methods, the book discusses how microbial communities inside the human body are profoundly affected by numerous factors, such as macro- and micro-nutrients, physical exercise, antibiotics, gender and age. As described by current research, the author highlights how microbiomes contribute to the fitness of the host by providing nutrients, inhibiting pathogens, aiding in the storage of fat during pregnancy, and contributing to development and behavior. The author not only focusses on prokaryotic components in microbiomes, but also addresses single-cell eukaryotes and viruses. This follow-up to the successful book The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota, published in 2013, provides a contemporary overview of microbiomes. It appeals to anyone working in the life sciences and biomedicine.

The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health

2013-02-27 Medical
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Release : 2013-02-27
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 86X/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health by : Food Forum

Download or read book The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health written by Food Forum. This book was released on 2013-02-27. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Food Forum convened a public workshop on February 22-23, 2012, to explore current and emerging knowledge of the human microbiome, its role in human health, its interaction with the diet, and the translation of new research findings into tools and products that improve the nutritional quality of the food supply. The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health: Workshop Summary summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop. Over the two day workshop, several themes covered included: The microbiome is integral to human physiology, health, and disease. The microbiome is arguably the most intimate connection that humans have with their external environment, mostly through diet. Given the emerging nature of research on the microbiome, some important methodology issues might still have to be resolved with respect to undersampling and a lack of causal and mechanistic studies. Dietary interventions intended to have an impact on host biology via their impact on the microbiome are being developed, and the market for these products is seeing tremendous success. However, the current regulatory framework poses challenges to industry interest and investment.

The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota

2014-01-31 Science
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Release : 2014-01-31
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 416/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota by : Eugene Rosenberg

Download or read book The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota written by Eugene Rosenberg. This book was released on 2014-01-31. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundbreaking research over the last 10 years has given rise to the hologenome concept of evolution. This concept posits that the holobiont (host plus all of its associated microorganisms) and its hologenome (sum of the genetic information of the host and its symbiotic microorganisms), acting in concert, function as a unique biological entity and therefore as a level of selection in evolution. All animals and plants harbor abundant and diverse microbiota, including viruses. Often the amount of symbiotic microorganisms and their combined genetic information far exceed that of their host. The microbiota with its microbiome, together with the host genome, can be transmitted from one generation to the next and thus propagate the unique properties of the holobiont. The microbial symbionts and the host interact in a cooperative way that affects the health of the holobiont within its environment. Beneficial microbiota protects against pathogens, provides essential nutrients, catabolizes complex polysaccharides, renders harmful chemicals inert, and contributes to the performance of the immune system. In humans and animals, the microbiota also plays a role in behavior. The sum of these cooperative interactions characterizes the holobiont as a unique biological entity. Genetic variation in the hologenome can be brought about by changes in either the host genome or the microbial population genomes (microbiome). Evolution by cooperation can occur by amplifying existing microbes, gaining novel microbiota and by acquiring microbial and viral genes. Under environmental stress, the microbiome can change more rapidly and in response to more processes than the host organism alone and thus influences the evolution of the holobiont. Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and phage therapy are discussed as applied aspects of the hologenome concept.

The Chemistry of Microbiomes

2017-07-19 Science
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Release : 2017-07-19
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 390/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Chemistry of Microbiomes by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book The Chemistry of Microbiomes written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This book was released on 2017-07-19. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 21st century has witnessed a complete revolution in the understanding and description of bacteria in eco- systems and microbial assemblages, and how they are regulated by complex interactions among microbes, hosts, and environments. The human organism is no longer considered a monolithic assembly of tissues, but is instead a true ecosystem composed of human cells, bacteria, fungi, algae, and viruses. As such, humans are not unlike other complex ecosystems containing microbial assemblages observed in the marine and earth environments. They all share a basic functional principle: Chemical communication is the universal language that allows such groups to properly function together. These chemical networks regulate interactions like metabolic exchange, antibiosis and symbiosis, and communication. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Chemical Sciences Roundtable organized a series of four seminars in the autumn of 2016 to explore the current advances, opportunities, and challenges toward unveiling this "chemical dark matter" and its role in the regulation and function of different ecosystems. The first three focused on specific ecosystemsâ€"earth, marine, and humanâ€"and the last on all microbiome systems. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the seminars.

Microbiomes and Their Functions

2023-01-19 Medical
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Release : 2023-01-19
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 757/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Microbiomes and Their Functions by : Vasu D. Appanna

Download or read book Microbiomes and Their Functions written by Vasu D. Appanna. This book was released on 2023-01-19. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a fundamental understanding of the importance of the microbiome in the life of virtually all multicellular organisms. It explains why microbes are an integral part of living organisms and describes the diverse roles they perform for their hosts. Although the significance of modified bacteria such as the mitochondrion and chloroplast is deeply rooted in the evolution of all complex organisms, it is only recently that the contribution of microbial partners within and on their hosts is becoming fully evident. These communities of microbes are as essential to organisms as are the visible organs. Microbiomes are indeed “invisible organs.” They participate in the digestive process, assist in communication networks, supply essential nutrients, guard against foreign intrusion, promote development and contribute to well-being. This unique approach, where the dependence of the hosts on their microbiomes is explained, will be a must-read for undergraduate and graduate students. Researchers and professionals probing microbial interactions with living organisms will find this book interesting and enriching. Key Features Emphasizes the roles microbiomes play within their hosts Includes many captivating illustrations enabling easy comprehension Explains microbiome functions from algae to vertebrates Reveals how microbiomes contribute to the health of the hosts and the ecosystems Describes the impact of dysbiosis on diseases, food security and climate change Boxed sections provide a detailed analysis of concepts and are accompanied by vivid illustrations

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