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Methods for Optimal Charging of Large Fleets of Electric Vehicles

2017
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Release : 2017
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Book Synopsis Methods for Optimal Charging of Large Fleets of Electric Vehicles by : Caroline Le Floch

Download or read book Methods for Optimal Charging of Large Fleets of Electric Vehicles written by Caroline Le Floch. This book was released on 2017. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today's electric grid must be transformed to meet modern consumption behaviors and safely integrate renewable energy sources. This has led to major efforts to develop grid-scale energy management solutions and ensure safety and reliability of our modern power network. In particular, large penetrations of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) are expected increase energy needs and peak consumption, which would bring new challenges for utilities and grid operators. In this work, we develop optimization methods to coordinate the charging of large fleets of PEVs in distribution grids. We show that different methods should be applied, based on the infrastructure requirements and the objective of the controller. The first Chapter Optimal Charging of Fleets of Electric Vehicles with Discrete Charging rates: PDE Modeling and Control Techniques presents a continuum modeling framework to coordinate PEV charging with discrete charging rates. We consider PEVs as loads, which diffuse along the State Of Energy (SOE) axis, and can be in three different categories: charging, discharging or idle. We use a discretized form of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) to model the dynamics of the system and control the transitions between each category. The second Chapter Dual Splitting Framework for Optimal Charging of Fleets of Electric Vehicles with Continuous Charging rates proposes a tailored distributed optimization method to coordinate PEV charging for load shaping. Three iteration methods are presented and their convergence characteristics are detailed. The third Chapter Electric Vehicle Charging in the Smart Grid: Plug-and-Play Model Predictive Control techniques studies a voltage-regulation scenario for PEV charging. Power flow and distribution grid constraints are modeled, and PEV charging is controlled with Plug-and-Play Model Predictive Control. Finally, the final chapter Behavioral study of Demand Response programs studies the impact of non rational choices on energy consumption and on the success of Demand Response programs.

Large-scale Electric Vehicle Sharing Fleet Management

2021
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Release : 2021
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Book Synopsis Large-scale Electric Vehicle Sharing Fleet Management by : Yuguang Wu

Download or read book Large-scale Electric Vehicle Sharing Fleet Management written by Yuguang Wu. This book was released on 2021. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric vehicle (EV) sharing services have received growing attention from investors and city dwellers in the decade. However, due to high operating costs and the increasing competition, profitability has become the bottleneck for many EV sharing service providers to succeed in the long run. My dissertation research focuses on developing mathematical models to design finer operational strategies for large-scale EV sharing fleets, especially in the stochastic and unbalanced transportation background. The basic blueprint is to upgrade EV fleet management from myopic strategies to location-based, energy-based, and environment-responsive policies. Specifically, we develop models to incorporate dynamic origin-destination pricing, congestion-responsive deployment, and battery health management into centralized EV sharing systems. First, we consider the dynamic pricing and dispatching of EVs given stochastic, time-varying, and heterogeneous customer demand. The EV operator monitors the fleet distribution and the demand signals to make real-time decisions. We adopt approximate dynamic programming (ADP) methods to solve the system. In particular, we develop neural network value function approximation (VFA) techniques that improve the policy performance. Our case study suggests that, with the demand-responsive pricing instrument, the EV fleet can effectively increase its expected profit, reduce the need for manual rebalancing, and smoothen the electricity usage across time. Next, we further investigate the interaction between the EV fleet and the congested transportation network. We extend the preliminary work to build a spatiotemporal network where the fleet operation and traffic states are captured by an approximated fluid model. The ADP algorithm maintains its effectiveness. We further design VFA methods to meet the learning need in the augmented state space. Numerical results demonstrate the benefit of dispatching vehicles using congestion-aware strategies. Finally, we consider the battery health management problem in an EV sharing fleet. We propose a continuous model to address the joint vehicle charging and moving problems for a large-scale EV sharing system. Under reasonable assumptions, the formulation is reduced to the continuous Kantorovich-Rubinstein transshipment and a battery-related optimization. On this basis, we obtain a near-optimal battery charging/replacing policy. Our model supports a shared EV fleet's decisions on charging device installation, vehicle relocation, and battery charging/replacing.

Decentralized Charging Coordination of Large-scale Plug-in Electric Vehicles in Power Systems

2019-04-13 Technology & Engineering
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Release : 2019-04-13
Genre : Technology & Engineering
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Book Rating : 522/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Decentralized Charging Coordination of Large-scale Plug-in Electric Vehicles in Power Systems by : Zhongjing Ma

Download or read book Decentralized Charging Coordination of Large-scale Plug-in Electric Vehicles in Power Systems written by Zhongjing Ma. This book was released on 2019-04-13. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the design of decentralized optimization methods applied to charging strategies for large-scale PEVs in electrical power systems. It studies several classes of charging coordination problems in large-scale PEVs by considering the distinct characteristics of PEV populations and electrical power systems, and subsequently designs decentralized methods based on distinct optimization schemes – such as non-cooperative games, mean-field games, and auction games – to achieve optimal/nearly optimal charging strategies. In closing, several performance aspects of the proposed algorithms, such as their convergence, computational complexity and optimality etc., are rigorously verified and demonstrated in numerical simulations. Given its scope, the book will benefit researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of optimization, game theory, auction games, electrical power systems, etc., and help them design decentralized methods to implement optimal charging strategies in large-scale PEVs.

Large-scale Electric Vehicle Sharing Fleet Management

2021
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Author :
Release : 2021
Genre :
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : /5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Large-scale Electric Vehicle Sharing Fleet Management by : Yuguang Wu

Download or read book Large-scale Electric Vehicle Sharing Fleet Management written by Yuguang Wu. This book was released on 2021. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric vehicle (EV) sharing services have received growing attention from investors and city dwellers in the decade. However, due to high operating costs and the increasing competition, profitability has become the bottleneck for many EV sharing service providers to succeed in the long run. My dissertation research focuses on developing mathematical models to design finer operational strategies for large-scale EV sharing fleets, especially in the stochastic and unbalanced transportation background. The basic blueprint is to upgrade EV fleet management from myopic strategies to location-based, energy-based, and environment-responsive policies. Specifically, we develop models to incorporate dynamic origin-destination pricing, congestion-responsive deployment, and battery health management into centralized EV sharing systems. First, we consider the dynamic pricing and dispatching of EVs given stochastic, time-varying, and heterogeneous customer demand. The EV operator monitors the fleet distribution and the demand signals to make real-time decisions. We adopt approximate dynamic programming (ADP) methods to solve the system. In particular, we develop neural network value function approximation (VFA) techniques that improve the policy performance. Our case study suggests that, with the demand-responsive pricing instrument, the EV fleet can effectively increase its expected profit, reduce the need for manual rebalancing, and smoothen the electricity usage across time. Next, we further investigate the interaction between the EV fleet and the congested transportation network. We extend the preliminary work to build a spatiotemporal network where the fleet operation and traffic states are captured by an approximated fluid model. The ADP algorithm maintains its effectiveness. We further design VFA methods to meet the learning need in the augmented state space. Numerical results demonstrate the benefit of dispatching vehicles using congestion-aware strategies. Finally, we consider the battery health management problem in an EV sharing fleet. We propose a continuous model to address the joint vehicle charging and moving problems for a large-scale EV sharing system. Under reasonable assumptions, the formulation is reduced to the continuous Kantorovich-Rubinstein transshipment and a battery-related optimization. On this basis, we obtain a near-optimal battery charging/replacing policy. Our model supports a shared EV fleet's decisions on charging device installation, vehicle relocation, and battery charging/replacing.

Plug In Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids

2014-11-29 Technology & Engineering
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Release : 2014-11-29
Genre : Technology & Engineering
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Book Rating : 171/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Plug In Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids by : Sumedha Rajakaruna

Download or read book Plug In Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids written by Sumedha Rajakaruna. This book was released on 2014-11-29. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the recent research advancements in the area of charging strategies that can be employed to accommodate the anticipated high deployment of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) in smart grids. Recent literature has focused on various potential issues of uncoordinated charging of PEVs and methods of overcoming such challenges. After an introduction to charging coordination paradigms of PEVs, this book will present various ways the coordinated control can be accomplished. These innovative approaches include hierarchical coordinated control, model predictive control, optimal control strategies to minimize load variance, smart PEV load management based on load forecasting, integrating renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic arrays to supplement grid power, using wireless communication networks to coordinate the charging load of a smart grid and using market price of electricity and customers payment to coordinate the charging load. Hence, this book proposes many new strategies proposed recently by the researchers around the world to address the issues related to coordination of charging load of PEVs in a future smart grid.

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