Measuring Time with Artifacts

2006-01-01 Social Science

Author : R. Lee Lyman
Release : 2006-01-01
Genre : Social Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 521/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Measuring Time with Artifacts by : R. Lee Lyman

Download or read book Measuring Time with Artifacts written by R. Lee Lyman. This book was released on 2006-01-01. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining historical research with a lucid explication of archaeological methodology and reasoning, Measuring Time with Artifacts examines the origins and changing use of fundamental chronometric techniques and procedures and analyzes the different ways American archaeologists have studied changes in artifacts, sites, and peoples over time. In highlighting the underpinning ontology and epistemology of artifact-based chronometers?cultural transmission and how to measure it archaeologically?this volume covers issues such as why archaeologists used the cultural evolutionism of L. H. Morgan, E. B. Tylor, L. A. White, and others instead of biological evolutionism; why artifact classification played a critical role in the adoption of stratigraphic excavation; how the direct historical approach accomplished three analytical tasks at once; why cultural traits were important analytical units; why paleontological and archaeological methods sometimes mirror one another; how artifact classification influences chronometric method; and how graphs illustrate change in artifacts over time. An understanding of the history of artifact-based chronometers enables us to understand how we know what we think we know about the past, ensures against modern misapplication of the methods, and sheds light on the reasoning behind archaeologists' actions during the first half of the twentieth century.

Time and Clocks

1906 Clocks and watches

Author : Sir Henry Hardinge Cunynghame
Release : 1906
Genre : Clocks and watches
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : /5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Time and Clocks by : Sir Henry Hardinge Cunynghame

Download or read book Time and Clocks written by Sir Henry Hardinge Cunynghame. This book was released on 1906. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Seriation, Stratigraphy, and Index Fossils

2007-05-08 Social Science

Author : Michael J. O'Brien
Release : 2007-05-08
Genre : Social Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 68X/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Seriation, Stratigraphy, and Index Fossils by : Michael J. O'Brien

Download or read book Seriation, Stratigraphy, and Index Fossils written by Michael J. O'Brien. This book was released on 2007-05-08. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is difficult for today's students of archaeology to imagine an era when chronometric dating methods were unavailable. However, even a casual perusal of the large body of literature that arose during the first half of the twentieth century reveals a battery of clever methods used to determine the relative ages of archaeological phenomena, often with considerable precision. Stratigraphic excavation is perhaps the best known of the various relative-dating methods used by prehistorians. Although there are several techniques of using artifacts from superposed strata to measure time, these are rarely if ever differentiated. Rather, common practice is to categorize them under the heading `stratigraphic excavation'. This text distinguishes among the several techniques and argues that stratigraphic excavation tends to result in discontinuous measures of time - a point little appreciated by modern archaeologists. Although not as well known as stratigraphic excavation, two other methods of relative dating have figured important in Americanist archaeology: seriation and the use of index fossils. The latter (like stratigraphic excavation) measures time discontinuously, while the former - in various guises - measures time continuously. Perhaps no other method used in archaeology is as misunderstood as seriation, and the authors provide detailed descriptions and examples of each of its three different techniques. Each method and technique of relative dating is placed in historical perspective, with particular focus on developments in North America, an approach that allows a more complete understanding of the methods described, both in terms of analytical technique and disciplinary history. This text will appeal to all archaeologists, from graduate students to seasoned professionals, who want to learn more about the backbone of archaeological dating.

Clinical MR Imaging

2003 Medical

Author : Peter Reimer
Release : 2003
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 672/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Clinical MR Imaging by : Peter Reimer

Download or read book Clinical MR Imaging written by Peter Reimer. This book was released on 2003. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the leading cross-sectional imaging method in clinical practice. Continuous technical improvements have significantly broadened the scope of applications. At present, MR imaging is not only the most important diagnostic technique in neuroradiology and musculoskeletal radiology, but has also become an invaluable diagnostic tool for abdominal, pelvic, cardiac, breast and vascular imaging. This book offers practical guidelines for performing efficient and cost-effective MRI examinations in daily practice. The underlying idea is that, by adopting a practical protocol-based approach, the work-flow in a MRI unit can be streamlined and optimized. For the second edition, all chapters have been thoroughly reviewed, and new techniques and figures were included. This book will help beginners to advance their starting point in implementing the protocols and will aid more experienced users in updating their knowledge.

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