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Introducing CAL

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Release : 2013-11-11
Genre : Education
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 902/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Introducing CAL by : Keith Hudson

Download or read book Introducing CAL written by Keith Hudson. This book was released on 2013-11-11. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is often the case - perhaps more often than not - that new ideas arrive long before there is the me ans to clothe and deli ver them. We can think ofLeonardo da Vinci's drawings of helicopters and submarines among many other examples. Computer-Assisted Learning (CAL) is an example of an idea which has had a particularly long gestation. As I will illustrate early in the book, the principles of CAL were really first discovered by Socrates. As a formal method of teaching, the Socratic method disappeared for over two millennia until the 1950s. It was then revived in the form ofProgrammed Learning (PL) which resulted from the researches ofB. F. Skinner at Harvard University. Even then, PL was premature. In the 1950s and 60s, methods were devised, such as teaching machines and various sorts ofPL text books, and there was a mushrooming of PL publishing at that time. For a complex of reason- economic, logistical and technical-PL also largely disappeared from the mid- 60s, although it continued in a few specialized areas ofteaching and industrial training. However, during the same period, PL quietly transformed itselfinto CAL. But the computerized form was not capable of mass dissemination until recently hecause personal microcomputers did not have sufficient internal memory sizes. That situation has now changed very dramatically and 128K microcomputers are becoming cheap and widely available. Cheap memory chips of256K and 1024K cannot be far away, either.

Introduction to California Plant Life

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Release : 2003-07-24
Genre : History
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 049/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to California Plant Life by : Robert Ornduff

Download or read book Introduction to California Plant Life written by Robert Ornduff. This book was released on 2003-07-24. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: California's remarkably diverse plants range in size from the stately coast redwoods to the minute belly plants of the southern deserts. This is the only concise overview of the state's unique flora, its plant communities, and the environmental factors that shape them. 156 illustrations.

Introduction to Fire in California

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Release : 2021-08-20
Genre : History
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 144/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Fire in California by : David Carle

Download or read book Introduction to Fire in California written by David Carle. This book was released on 2021-08-20. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What is fire? How are wildfires ignited? How do California's weather and topography influence fire? How did the California Indians use fire? David Carle focuses on this fundamental element of the natural world, giving a fascinating and concise view of this complex topic. This clearly written, dramatically illustrated book will help Californians, including the millions who live near naturally flammable wildlands, better understand their own place in the state's landscape. Carle covers the basics of fire ecology; looks at the effects of fire on wildlife, soil, water, and air; discusses fire-fighting organizations and land management agencies; explains current policies, and explores many other topics, including the extreme and deadly fire events of 2020 and evidence that climate change is changing the wildfire story in California"--

Introduction to the Plant Life of Southern California

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Release : 2005-04-29
Genre : History
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 991/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to the Plant Life of Southern California by : Philip W. Rundel

Download or read book Introduction to the Plant Life of Southern California written by Philip W. Rundel. This book was released on 2005-04-29. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rundel introduces readers to the plant communities of the Southern California coastal areas and foothills, including color photos of 250 species and additional color habitat photos.

Introduction to Water in California

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Release : 2015-12-15
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 894/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Water in California by : David Carle

Download or read book Introduction to Water in California written by David Carle. This book was released on 2015-12-15. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thoroughly engaging, concise book tells the story of California's most precious resource, tracing the journey of water in the state from the atmosphere to the snowpack to our faucets and foods. Along the way, we learn much about California itself as the book describes its rivers, lakes, wetlands, dams, and aqueducts and discusses the role of water in agriculture, the environment, and politics. Essential reading in a state facing the future with an overextended water supply, this fascinating book shows that, for all Californians, every drop counts. New to this updated edition: * Additional maps, figures, and photos * Expanded coverage of potential impacts to precipitation, snowpack, and water supply from climate change * Updated information about the struggle for water management and potential solutions * New content about sustainable groundwater use and regulation, desalination, water recycling, stormwater capture, and current proposals for water storage and diversion *Additional table summarizing water sources for 360 California cities and towns

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