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Insights Into the Growth and Decay of Orogenic Wedges from Foreland Basin Successions

2015
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Release : 2015
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Book Synopsis Insights Into the Growth and Decay of Orogenic Wedges from Foreland Basin Successions by : Theresa M. Schwartz

Download or read book Insights Into the Growth and Decay of Orogenic Wedges from Foreland Basin Successions written by Theresa M. Schwartz. This book was released on 2015. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Convergent plate margins are dynamic settings where the evolution of sedimentary basins is influenced by a variety of interrelated autogenic and allogenic processes. These include plate tectonic-scale processes such as plate subduction and the development of a volcanic arc, fold-thrust belt, and associated basins; the development of climatic gradients across the orogen; shallow-crustal structural partitioning of the basins into discrete depocenters; and the surficial (topographic) responses to such events. This dissertation examines the interplay of tectonic, sedimentary, and climatic processes during the evolution of two retroarc foreland basin systems: the Late Cretaceous-Eocene Magallanes-Austral basin of Patagonia (Chapters 2 and 3) and the Late Cretaceous-Oligocene Rocky Mountain foreland basin of southwestern Montana (Chapter 4). These chapters investigate a variety of geologic processes that occur at different temporal and spatial scales. Specifically, major goals of this dissertation include (1) generating a paleogeographic reconstruction of latest Cretaceous depositional environments in the Magallanes-Austral basin to better understand the termination of the long-lived deep-marine foreland basin (Chapter 2); (2) utilizing detrital zircon U-Pb ages to understand variations in sediment dispersal patterns and long-term average sedimentation rates during shoaling of the Magallanes-Austral basin (Chapter 3); and (3) integrating structural, stratigraphic, sediment provenance, and stable isotope ([delta] 18O, [delta] 13C) data to better understand the spatial and temporal relationships of tectonic activity and climate (Chapter 4). Data types and methods are diverse, and include detailed outcrop description, detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology, thin-section petrography, 1-D subsidence modelling, and stable isotope ([delta] 18O, [delta] 13C) stratigraphy from calcic paleosols.

Controls on the Development of Clastic Wedges and Growth Strata in Foreland Basins

2008 Basins (Geology)
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Release : 2008
Genre : Basins (Geology)
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Book Synopsis Controls on the Development of Clastic Wedges and Growth Strata in Foreland Basins by : Jennifer L. Aschoff

Download or read book Controls on the Development of Clastic Wedges and Growth Strata in Foreland Basins written by Jennifer L. Aschoff. This book was released on 2008. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tectonic signatures such as growth strata, clastic progradation, detrital composition, thickness trends, paleoflow shifts, lithofacies distribution, and vertical stratigraphic stacking patterns provide the basis for a range of tectonic/structural interpretations. Complete understanding of the application and limitations of tectonic signatures is important to maintain consistency and reduce uncertainty of interpretations that use them. This study provides insight into the external controls on two frequently used tectonic signatures in foreland basins: (1) growth strata, and (2) clastic wedge progradation. First, two syntectonic unconformity types are recognized in non-marine, Cenomanian growth strata adjacent to the Sevier thrust-belt in southeastern Nevada, USA. Unconformities with larger angular discordance (>10°, "Traditional Type") developed when uplift outpaced sediment accumulation. More subtle unconformities with less discordance (2-10°, "Subtle Type") developed when sediment accumulation nearly kept pace with uplift. Increasing sediment supply with positive net accommodation, allows syntectonic deposits to aggrade above a growing structure, with no change in uplift rate. Hence, sediment supply and regional accommodation impart an important control over growth strata geometries that are often interpreted on the basis of tectonics alone. Identification of unconformity types in growth strata can therefore document additional phases of uplift, particularly for intervals where sediments aggraded above an active structure due to higher sediment supply during regional subsidence, or sea level rise. Second, an anomalous, Campanian clastic wedge is identified in Cordilleran Foreland basin fill, Utah and Colorado. The complex internal architecture, tide-dominated facies and characteristic flat-to-falling shoreline stacking patterns of the wedge reflect rapid progradation of wide (60-80 km), embayed, tide-influenced shorelines; these characteristics distinguish the anomalous wedge from the underlying and overlying clastic wedges in the basin. A high-resolution regional correlation and isopach maps for the anomalous wedge provide evidence that extensive clastic progradation was coeval with both Sevier- and Laramide-style deformation. Stratigraphic relations suggest that development of the anomalous character of Wedge B was due to uplift of a Laramide structure within the foredeep, and possibly enhanced by reduced dynamic subsidence.

Thermo-tectonic Record of Hyperextension, Structural Inversion, and Foreland Basin Evolution of the Eastern and Central Pyrenees

2019
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Release : 2019
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Book Synopsis Thermo-tectonic Record of Hyperextension, Structural Inversion, and Foreland Basin Evolution of the Eastern and Central Pyrenees by : Margaret Larkin Odlum

Download or read book Thermo-tectonic Record of Hyperextension, Structural Inversion, and Foreland Basin Evolution of the Eastern and Central Pyrenees written by Margaret Larkin Odlum. This book was released on 2019. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct constraints on processes associated with rifting and mantle exhumation are necessary to understand the thermal and structural evolution of continental rift systems, and the role of pre-existing crustal architecture on orogenesis and foreland basin development. This work constrains the Early Cretaceous hyperextension history along the Iberia-European margin and how rift inheritance affected the structural and foreland basin evolution of the Late Cretaceous-Oligocene Pyrenean orogeny. Chapters 1 and 2 aim to understand the thermal and structural evolution of the North Pyrenean basement massifs during Early Cretaceous rifting and hyperextension using multi-mineral thermochronometry. These chapters integrate zircon, apatite, and rutile U‐Pb ages from the Agly and Saint Barthélémy massifs that provide new constraints to understand the decoupled versus coupled extensional evolution, exhumation timing of the middle‐lower crust, and the age of juxtaposition of the upper crust granitic pluton with middle crustal gneisses, and fluid-rock interactions along a detachment fault. Novel method integration and approaches using apatite were developed and implemented in these chapters to best interpret the apatite U-Pb ages to gain the most insight into thermal, structural, and fault zone processes in the Early Cretaceous rift system’s distal margin. Chapters 3 and 4 use the sedimentary record in the pro-wedge foreland basins of inversion and orogenesis to understand the provenance, hinterland evolution, and the role of extensional inheritance on the orogenic phase of the margin. This work shows that the eastern Pyrenean foreland basin deposits were sourced from Corsica-Sardinia and the Catalan Coastal Ranges during the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene, and the Pyrenees beginning in the Eocene. Detrital mineral trends across the basins suggest that the pro-wedge foreland basin developed and remained segmented throughout the Late Cretaceous-Oligocene. The results from these chapters highlight the dominant control of inherited structures and rift basins on controlling the sediment provenance and foreland basin architecture in inverted rift systems. The dissertation aims to show the structural evolution of the Early Cretaceous rifting and thermal and structural processes that were operating within the continental crust at the rift margin, and how this inherited rift architecture affected the orogenic evolution and foreland basin development during the Pyrenean orogeny. These results add to our overall understanding of the structural and thermal evolution during rifting and continental break-up and role of rift inheritance in the evolution of superimposed orogenic systems and their associated foreland basins

Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins

2011-12-07 Science
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Release : 2011-12-07
Genre : Science
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Book Rating : 144/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins by : Cathy Busby

Download or read book Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins written by Cathy Busby. This book was released on 2011-12-07. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigating the complex interplay between tectonics and sedimentation is a key endeavor in modern earth science. Many of the world's leading researchers in this field have been brought together in this volume to provide concise overviews of the current state of the subject. The plate tectonic revolution of the 1960's provided the framework for detailed models on the structure of orogens and basins, summarized in a 1995 textbook edited by Busby and Ingersoll. Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins: Recent Advances focuses on key topics or areas where the greatest strides forward have been made, while also providing on-line access to the comprehensive 1995 book. Breakthroughs in new techniques are described in Section 1, including detrital zircon geochronology, cosmogenic nuclide dating, magnetostratigraphy, 3-D seismic, and basin modelling. Section 2 presents the new models for rift, post-rift, transtensional and strike slip basin settings. Section 3 addresses the latest ideas in convergent margin tectonics, including the sedimentary record of subduction intiation and subduction, flat-slab subduction, and arc-continent collision; it then moves inboard to forearc basins and intra-arc basins, and ends with a series of papers formed under compessional strain regimes, as well as post-orogenic intramontane basins. Section 4 examines the origin of plate interior basins, and the sedimentary record of supercontinent formation. This book is required reading for any advanced student or professional interested in sedimentology, plate tectonics, or petroleum geoscience. Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/busby/sedimentarybasins.

Detrital thermochronology

2004-01-01 Science
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Release : 2004-01-01
Genre : Science
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Book Rating : 785/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Detrital thermochronology by : Matthias Bernet

Download or read book Detrital thermochronology written by Matthias Bernet. This book was released on 2004-01-01. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

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