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Improving the Materials Irradiation Xperimental Facility and Increasing Understanding of Helium Irradiation of Tungsten

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Release : 2013
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Book Synopsis Improving the Materials Irradiation Xperimental Facility and Increasing Understanding of Helium Irradiation of Tungsten by :

Download or read book Improving the Materials Irradiation Xperimental Facility and Increasing Understanding of Helium Irradiation of Tungsten written by . This book was released on 2013. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Minimizing damage to plasma facing components is a key issue that needs to be resolved before realizing commercial fusion reactors. The Materials Irradiation Experiment (MITE-E) at the University of Wisconsin Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (UW-IEC) Laboratory simulates fusion reactor conditions of light ion bombardment at high temperatures. Past experiments done in the MITE-E revealed that different morphologies developed on different grains of tungsten after irradiation with 30 keV helium ions at 900 oC. In this thesis, these structures have been correlated with the underlying crystal structure. Grains with orientations near {0 0 1} formed plateaus that were less eroded, while grains near {1 0 1} formed ripples parallel to 0 1 0. The connection of morphology to crystal orientation was made possible by the development of a new sample marking technique that allows the same location on a sample to be analyzed with the scanning electron microscope and the electron backscatter diffraction technique. It was also discovered that the sample pre-irradiation surface treatment has a large impact on the morphologies that develop after irradiation. A sample irradiated with helium ions over a spectrum of energies developed a more damaged surface structure than samples irradiated to the same fluence with mono-energetic helium. The sample with multiple energy implantation did not develop blisters, which had been seen previously on mono-energetically implanted samples in the MITE-E. In a separate experiment, samples of ZrB2, made with isotopically separated 11B, were irradiated with 30 keV helium ions in the MITE-E, and the results were compared to other materials irradiated under similar conditions. The rates and levels of damage observed on all samples would have a significant impact on fusion reactor divertor plates and first walls.

Morphology Changes Due to Energetic Helium Ion Irradiation of Tungsten Surfaces at High Temperatures

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Release : 2019
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Book Synopsis Morphology Changes Due to Energetic Helium Ion Irradiation of Tungsten Surfaces at High Temperatures by : Karla Brittany Hall

Download or read book Morphology Changes Due to Energetic Helium Ion Irradiation of Tungsten Surfaces at High Temperatures written by Karla Brittany Hall. This book was released on 2019. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Materials Irradiation Experiment (MITE-E) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in the Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Laboratory was used to simulate helium ion (He+) irradiation of tungsten at fusion reactor relevant ion fluences and temperatures. Single and polycrystalline tungsten (SCW and PCW) samples were irradiated with 30-55 keV He+ at normal incidence with fluences of 3x1017 to 1019 He+/cm2 at temperatures from 500-900 oC. Post-irradiation analysis of the samples irradiated in the MITE-E device revealed several unique surface morphologies when the ion energy, temperature, and fluence were varied. Surface erosion due to energetic He+ irradiation was determined by mass loss measurements of samples pre- and post-irradiation. Past studies in the MITE-E revealed a surface orientation near {001} on PCW had considerably less erosion from He+ irradiation than surrounding grains Morphology development and mass loss measurements on [110] and [100] SCW revealed that the [100] crystal orientation lead to decreased surface erosion below 10^18 He+/cm2. Simulating what a fusion reactor component would likely experience, a sequentially increasing and decreasing multi-energy He+ irradiation on PCW was explored. Samples irradiated with increasing and decreasing multi-energy (35, 45, and 55 keV) He+ showed more surface damage than samples irradiated with mono-energetic (30 keV) He+. However, the multi-energy ion irradiated samples had less mass loss than the mono-energetic ion irradiated samples under similar parameters. Varying the temperature of samples under mono-energetic and multi-energy He+ irradiation at the same fluence caused an increase in mass loss as the temperature was decreased. The amount of mass loss and morphologies that developed on all samples point to He+ as a contributing mechanism in the undesired creation of W dust in a fusion reactor.

Radiation Damage in Materials

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Release : 2020-12-28
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 62X/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Radiation Damage in Materials by : Yongqiang Wang

Download or read book Radiation Damage in Materials written by Yongqiang Wang . This book was released on 2020-12-28. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complexity of radiation damage effects in materials that are used in various irradiation environments stems from the fundamental particle–solid interactions and the subsequent damage recovery dynamics after the collision cascades, which involves multiple length and time scales. Adding to this complexity are the transmuted impurities that are unavoidable from accompanying nuclear processes. Helium is one such impurity that plays an important and unique role in controlling the microstructure and properties of materials used in fast fission reactors, plasma-facing and structural materials in fusion devices, spallation neutron target designs, actinides, tritium-containing materials, and nuclear waste. Their ultra-low solubility in virtually all solids forces He atoms to self-precipitate into small bubbles that become nucleation sites for further void growth under radiation-induced vacancy supersaturations, resulting in material swelling and high-temperature He embrittlement, as well as surface blistering under low-energy and high-flux He bombardment. This Special Issue, “Radiation Damage in Materials—Helium Effects”, contains review articles and full-length papers on new irradiation material research activities and novel material ideas using experimental and/or modeling approaches. These studies elucidate the interactions of helium with various extreme environments and tailored nanostructures, as well as their impact on microstructural evolution and material properties.

Fundamentals of Radiation Materials Science

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Release : 2016-07-08
Genre : Technology & Engineering
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 384/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Radiation Materials Science by : GARY S. WAS

Download or read book Fundamentals of Radiation Materials Science written by GARY S. WAS. This book was released on 2016-07-08. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revised second edition of this established text offers readers a significantly expanded introduction to the effects of radiation on metals and alloys. It describes the various processes that occur when energetic particles strike a solid, inducing changes to the physical and mechanical properties of the material. Specifically it covers particle interaction with the metals and alloys used in nuclear reactor cores and hence subject to intense radiation fields. It describes the basics of particle-atom interaction for a range of particle types, the amount and spatial extent of the resulting radiation damage, the physical effects of irradiation and the changes in mechanical behavior of irradiated metals and alloys. Updated throughout, some major enhancements for the new edition include improved treatment of low- and intermediate-energy elastic collisions and stopping power, expanded sections on molecular dynamics and kinetic Monte Carlo methodologies describing collision cascade evolution, new treatment of the multi-frequency model of diffusion, numerous examples of RIS in austenitic and ferritic-martensitic alloys, expanded treatment of in-cascade defect clustering, cluster evolution, and cluster mobility, new discussion of void behavior near grain boundaries, a new section on ion beam assisted deposition, and reorganization of hardening, creep and fracture of irradiated materials (Chaps 12-14) to provide a smoother and more integrated transition between the topics. The book also contains two new chapters. Chapter 15 focuses on the fundamentals of corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, covering forms of corrosion, corrosion thermodynamics, corrosion kinetics, polarization theory, passivity, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. Chapter 16 extends this treatment and considers the effects of irradiation on corrosion and environmentally assisted corrosion, including the effects of irradiation on water chemistry and the mechanisms of irradiation-induced stress corrosion cracking. The book maintains the previous style, concepts are developed systematically and quantitatively, supported by worked examples, references for further reading and end-of-chapter problem sets. Aimed primarily at students of materials sciences and nuclear engineering, the book will also provide a valuable resource for academic and industrial research professionals. Reviews of the first edition: "...nomenclature, problems and separate bibliography at the end of each chapter allow to the reader to reach a straightforward understanding of the subject, part by part. ... this book is very pleasant to read, well documented and can be seen as a very good introduction to the effects of irradiation on matter, or as a good references compilation for experimented readers." - Pauly Nicolas, Physicalia Magazine, Vol. 30 (1), 2008 “The text provides enough fundamental material to explain the science and theory behind radiation effects in solids, but is also written at a high enough level to be useful for professional scientists. Its organization suits a graduate level materials or nuclear science course... the text was written by a noted expert and active researcher in the field of radiation effects in metals, the selection and organization of the material is excellent... may well become a necessary reference for graduate students and researchers in radiation materials science.” - L.M. Dougherty, 07/11/2008, JOM, the Member Journal of The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society.

Iter Physics

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Release : 2015-06-25
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 686/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Iter Physics by : C Wendell Horton, Jr

Download or read book Iter Physics written by C Wendell Horton, Jr. This book was released on 2015-06-25. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The promise of a vast and clean source of thermal power drove physics research for over fifty years and has finally come to collimation with the international consortium led by the European Union and Japan, with an agreement from seven countries to build a definitive test of fusion power in ITER. It happened because scientists since the Manhattan project have envisioned controlled nuclear fusion in obtaining energy with no carbon dioxide emissions and no toxic nuclear waste products.This large toroidal magnetic confinement ITER machine is described from confinement process to advanced physics of plasma-wall interactions, where pulses erupt from core plasma blistering the machine walls. Emissions from the walls reduce the core temperature which must remain ten times hotter than the 15 million degree core solar temperature to maintain ITER fusion power. The huge temperature gradient from core to wall that drives intense plasma turbulence is described in detail.Also explained are the methods designed to limit the growth of small magnetic islands, the growth of edge localized plasma plumes and the solid state physics limits of the stainless steel walls of the confinement vessel from the burning plasma. Designs of the wall coatings and the special 'exhaust pipe' for spent hot plasma are provided in two chapters. And the issues associated with high-energy neutrons — about 10 times higher than in fission reactions — and how they are managed in ITER, are detailed.

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