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Investment in Women's Human Capital

1995-06-15 Business & Economics
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Release : 1995-06-15
Genre : Business & Economics
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Book Rating : 874/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Investment in Women's Human Capital by : T. Paul Schultz

Download or read book Investment in Women's Human Capital written by T. Paul Schultz. This book was released on 1995-06-15. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How are human capital investments allocated between women and men? What are the returns to investments in women's nutrition, health care, education, mobility, and training? In thirteen wide-ranging and innovative empirical analyses, Investment in Women's Human Capital explores the nature of human capital distributions to women and their effect on outcomes within the family. Section I considers the experiences of high-income countries, examining the limitations of industrialization for the advancement of women; returns to secondary education for women; and state control of women's education and labor market productivity through the design of tax systems and the public subsidy of children. The remaining four sections investigate health, education, household structure and labor markets, and measurement issues in low-income countries, including the effect of technological change on transfers of wealth to and from children in India; women's and men's responses to the costs of medical care in Kenya; the effects of birth order and sex on educational attainment in Taiwan; wage returns to schooling in Indonesia and in Cote d'Ivoire; and the increasing prevalence of female-headed households and the correlates of gender differences in wages in Brazil.

Human Capital Investment in Women and Men

1994 Business & Economics
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Release : 1994
Genre : Business & Economics
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Book Synopsis Human Capital Investment in Women and Men by : T. Paul Schultz

Download or read book Human Capital Investment in Women and Men written by T. Paul Schultz. This book was released on 1994. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Women, Men, and Human Capital Development in the Public Sector

2009 Human capital
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Release : 2009
Genre : Human capital
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 87X/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Women, Men, and Human Capital Development in the Public Sector by : Bonnie G. Mani

Download or read book Women, Men, and Human Capital Development in the Public Sector written by Bonnie G. Mani. This book was released on 2009. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women, Men, and Human Capital Development in the Public Sector: Return on Investments analyzes the gap in wages paid to women and men who work for federal, state, and local governments; factors that contribute to disparities in pay; and organizational strategies for narrowing the gap. The gender gap in wages and status is closing. Changes in public policies and social and organizational changes have facilitated the development of human capital. However, many systemic, sociopsychological, and social barriers still limit women's career advancement in the public sector. American women earn approximately eighty cents for every dollar earned by men. Women hold less than 30 percent of executive positions in the private sector as well as federal, state, and local governments. This study analyzes factors, both legal and illegal, that lead to inequities in the pay and status of men and women. In recent turbulent economic times many organizations have eliminated jobs, facilitated early retirements, and lost employees frustrated by the lack of opportunities for advancement. Proactive organizations prepare for the unexpected by fully developing their human capital. Public policies have been less than effective in closing the wage gap, due in part to American culture and individual women's choices. Women are more likely than men to complete lower levels of education, enter the workforce later in life, and occupy lower-level positions. For these reasons the gender-based wage gap may never close, but, as the author points out, investments in human capital development may facilitate women's career advancement and narrow the gap. The author develops specific strategies for narrowing the wage gap and explores avenues of implementation. Book jacket.

Convergences in Men's and Women's Life Patterns

2014
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Release : 2014
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Book Synopsis Convergences in Men's and Women's Life Patterns by : Joyce P. Jacobsen

Download or read book Convergences in Men's and Women's Life Patterns written by Joyce P. Jacobsen. This book was released on 2014. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The changes in women and men's work lives have been considerable in recent decades. Yet much of the recent research on gender differences in employment and earnings has been of a more snapshot nature rather than taking a longer comparative look at evolving patterns. In this paper, we use 50 years (1964-2013) of US Census Annual Demographic Files (March Current Population Survey) to track the changing returns to human capital (measured as both educational attainment and potential work experience), estimating comparable earnings equations by gender at each point in time.We consider the effects of sample selection over time for both women and men and show the rising effect of selection for women in recent years. Returns to education diverge for women and men over this period in the selection-adjusted results but converge in the OLS results, while returns to potential experience converge in both sets of results. We also create annual calculations of synthetic lifetime labor force participation, hours, and earnings that indicate convergence by gender in worklife patterns, but less convergence in recent years in lifetime earnings. Thus, while some convergence has indeed occurred, the underlying mechanisms causing convergence differ for women and men, reflecting continued fundamental differences in women's and men's life experiences.

Evolution of Gender Differences in Post-Secondary Human Capital Investments

2011
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Release : 2011
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Book Synopsis Evolution of Gender Differences in Post-Secondary Human Capital Investments by : Ahu Gemici

Download or read book Evolution of Gender Differences in Post-Secondary Human Capital Investments written by Ahu Gemici. This book was released on 2011. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 40 years, the level of human capital investments has changed substantially for men and women. Changes in the intensive margin of college major selection have been also been substantial, as the number of graduates in humanities, social science, and teaching has declined, and the number in science, engineering, and business has increased, especially for women. However, while women are now more likely to complete a college degree than men, the distribution of college majors among college graduates remains unequal with women about 2/3 as likely as men to major in a business or science field. In this paper, we develop and estimate a dynamic overlapping generations model of human capital investment and employment decisions to understand these long-term changes in human capital investments. Our departure from the previous literature is that we separately examine college major choices, rather than aggregating these choices to the education level (e.g. college or no college). We overcome the absence of field of study information in the CPS and Census data by combining these data with auxiliary data sources which characterize the changes in field of study composition across a large number of birth cohorts. Results from counterfactual experiments show that changes in skill prices, higher schooling costs, and a reduction in the value of home for women all played an important role in the educational attainment and college major composition trends. The following are appended: (1) NSCG Data Appendix; (2) Model Solution Appendix; and (3) Type Parameter Estimates.

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