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Glycerol Transformation to Value-Added 1,3-Propanediol Production

2018 Electronic books
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Release : 2018
Genre : Electronic books
Kind : eBook
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Book Synopsis Glycerol Transformation to Value-Added 1,3-Propanediol Production by : Priya Samudrala

Download or read book Glycerol Transformation to Value-Added 1,3-Propanediol Production written by Priya Samudrala. This book was released on 2018. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of diminishing fossil fuel resources, rising environmental issues as well as the global demand for energy, fuels and chemicals has significantly directed to the use of renewable biomass for sustainable production of fuels and chemicals. Glycerol, a three carbon feedstock, is one of the most promising biomass resources which at present is obtained as a by-product in large quantities during the biodiesel production. This stimulated a lot of interest in developing new valorization technologies to produce high-value tonnage chemicals from glycerol by sustainable processes such as oxidation, dehydration, hydrogenolysis, steam reforming, carboxylation, acetalization, esterification and chlorination. In this chapter, we intend to focus on the hydrogenolysis of glycerol which produces important commodity chemicals such as propanediols, propanols and ethylene glycol. In particular, the selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol performed in both liquid phase and vapor phase reaction processes is described. Furthermore, the most significant progress in the development of the catalytic materials for glycerol hydrogenolysis including the reaction pathways is herein summarized.

Glycerine Production and Transformation

2019-09-11 Technology & Engineering
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Release : 2019-09-11
Genre : Technology & Engineering
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 900/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Glycerine Production and Transformation by : Marco Frediani

Download or read book Glycerine Production and Transformation written by Marco Frediani. This book was released on 2019-09-11. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increase in the amount of glycerin in the market is a burden for all producers, especially those operating in the biodiesel sector: reuse options are in fact limited for the management of this by-product. Glycerol enhancement has therefore become a priority to improve the sustainability of the biodiesel industry. Nevertheless, the multifunctionality of glycerol makes it a promising precursor for different types of production (fuel/biofuel, chemical products). This conversion has therefore become a subject of multifaceted research that requires an exchange of knowledge across many sectors. In this book, different disciplines (chemistry, biology, engineering, etc.) have been taken into consideration to propose an interdisciplinary point of view on different aspects.

Glycerol

2017-06-15 Science
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Release : 2017-06-15
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 757/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Glycerol by : Claudio J. A. Mota

Download or read book Glycerol written by Claudio J. A. Mota. This book was released on 2017-06-15. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is aimed at providing a concise discussion on the use of glycerol as a renewable raw material for the chemical industry. With the increasing use of biodiesel produced from oils and fats, there is a surplus of glycerol in the world. This abundant and rather cheap raw material can be transformed in commodities and specialty chemicals, as well as in fuels. The book describes the main processes of chemical transformation of glycerol, highlighting those that are currently in commercial use and pointing out potential processes to be used in the future. The first chapter introduces the concept of biofuel and briefly describes the production of biodiesel. It also highlights glycerol as the main byproduct of biodiesel synthesis and presents some numbers regarding the world production of glycerol. The second chapter shows the common uses of glycerol and addresses the point whether or not they can drain the large amounts of glycerol produced from biodiesel. The chapter addresses pros and cons of each use. The third chapter covers the main biotechnological processes of glycerol transformation. The fourth chapter thoroughly describes the main thermochemical processes to transform glycerol into commodities, products that will be further used in the chemical industry to produce polymers, for instance. The fifth chapter covers the production of glycerol derivatives of high added-value. The sixth chapter addresses the use of glycerol in the context of a biorefinery. The main idea is to show that many of the processes described in the previous chapters could be entirely green, using exclusively renewable raw materials.

The Future of Glycerol

2008 Science
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Release : 2008
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 249/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Future of Glycerol by : Mario Pagliaro

Download or read book The Future of Glycerol written by Mario Pagliaro. This book was released on 2008. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By-products of global biodiesel manufacturing are a modern day global fact responsible for igniting a number of year's worldwide intense research activity into human chemical ingenuity. This highly anticipated 2nd Edition depicts how practical limitations posed by glycerol chemistry are solved based on the understanding of the fundamental chemistry of glycerol and by application of catalysis science and technology. The authors report and comment on employable, practical avenues applicable to convert glycerol into value added products of mass consumption. The best-selling reference book in the.

Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol to Value-added Chemical Products

2015
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Release : 2015
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Book Synopsis Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol to Value-added Chemical Products by : Malaya Ranjan Nanda

Download or read book Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol to Value-added Chemical Products written by Malaya Ranjan Nanda. This book was released on 2015. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid expansion of biodiesel industry has generated a huge amount of crude glycerol. This thesis aimed to explore utilization of glycerol for the production of solketal as an oxygenated fuel additive and 1, 2-propanediol as a pre-polymer via catalytic conversion. The thesis work may be divided into two major parts. In the first part, the thermodynamics and kinetics of the glycerol ketalization for the synthesis of solketal were investigated in a batch reactor. From this information, a continuous-flow process was designed, developed and optimized using pure glycerol. Crude glycerol (13 wt% purity) was successfully upgraded into a purified crude glycerol product (> 96 wt% purity) and was used as feedstock in a modified reactor for the synthesis of solketal whose economical feasibility was demonstrated. In the second part, B2O3 promoted Cu/Al2O3 catalysts were used for selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1, 2-propanediol in a flow reactor. Surface properties, acidity, crystallinity, and reducibility of the catalysts were measured using N2 adsorption, NH3-temperature programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and H2-temperature programmed reduction (TPR), respectively. The fuels/chemicals products obtained were analyzed by GC-MS/FID and Fourier-transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). he ketalization reaction equilibrium constants were determined experimentally in the temperature range of 293-323 K. The activation energy of the overall reaction was determined to be 55.6 ± 3.1 kJ mol-1. Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation was used to model the rate law. The activity of all catalysts tested in the flow reactor follows the order: Amberlyst wet Zeolite Amberlyst dry > Zirconium Sulfate > Montmorillonite > Polymax. At optimum conditions (25 ̊C, 500 psi, acetone-to-glycerol molar ratio of 4 and 2 h-1 WHSV), the maximum solketal yield from pure glycerol was 94±2% over Amberlyst wet. Ketalization of purified crude glycerol over Amberlyst wet, led to 93± 3% glycerol conversion with 92 ±2% solketal yield at the optimum conditions. In the glycerol hydrogenolysis process with 10 wt% aqueous solution of glycerol as the feed, 5Cu-B/Al2O3 catalyst demonstrated a very high activity, yielding 98 ±1% glycerol conversion and 98±1% 1,2-propanediol selectivity at the optimum conditions (250 ̊C, 6 MPa H2, and 0.1h-1 WHSV).

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