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Fast Reactions in Energetic Materials

2008-09-26 Science
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Release : 2008-09-26
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 611/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Fast Reactions in Energetic Materials by : Alexander S. Shteinberg

Download or read book Fast Reactions in Energetic Materials written by Alexander S. Shteinberg. This book was released on 2008-09-26. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern energetic materials include explosives, blasting powders, pyrotechnic m- tures and rocket propellants [1, 2]. The study of high-temperature decomposition of condensed phases of propellants and their components (liquid, solid and hybrid) is currently of special importance for the development of space-system engineering [3, 4]. To better understand the burning mechanisms (stationary, nonstationary, - steady) of composite solid propellants and their components, information about the macrokinetics of their high-temperature decomposition is required [5]. To be able to evaluate the ignition parameters and conditions of safe handling of heat-affected explosives, one needs to know the kinetic constants of their high-temperature - composition. The development of new composite solid propellants characterized by high performance characteristics (high burning rates, high thermal stability, stability to intrachamber perturbations, and other aspects) is not possible without quanti- tive data on the high-temperature decomposition of composite solid propellants and their components [6]. The same reasons have resulted in signi?cant theoretical and practical interest in the high-temperature decomposition of components of hybrid propellants. It is known that hybrid propellants have not been used very widely due to the low bu- ing (pyrolysis) rates of the polymer blocks in the combustion chambers of hybrid rocket engines. To increase the burning rates it is necessary to obtain information about their relationships to the corresponding kinetic and thermophysical prop- ties of the fuels.

Fast Reactions in Energetic Systems

2012-12-06 Science
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Release : 2012-12-06
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 118/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Fast Reactions in Energetic Systems by : Christos Capellos

Download or read book Fast Reactions in Energetic Systems written by Christos Capellos. This book was released on 2012-12-06. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the formal lectures and contributed papers given at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Fast Reactions in Energetic Systems, which took place in Preveza, Greece, during the period 6-19 July 1980. The material describes experimental observations and the more advanced theoretical aspects of certain types of fast reactions and energy or charge transfer processes which are usually complete 6 12 in periods of 10- - 10- seconds. Furthermore, it discusses the role of macroscopic and molecular processes in the ignition, combustion, deflagration, and detonation of solid, liquid, and gaseous chemical systems. Various papers deal with the ability of molecules to absorb and transmit the different forms of energy provided by shock, light, thermal, or electron pulses, and to contribute to the propagation of reactions under high temperatures and pressures. The role of energy pumped or transferred to electronic or vibrational states is discussed in terms of excitation, ionization, bond scission, and the formation of free radicals. The dynamics and reactivity of ionic species, electronically and vibrationally excited states, and free radicals are described for various gaseous, liquid, and solid systems. The proceedings include presentations of theoretical and experimental techniques to describe and observe the phenomena.

Energetic Materials

2003-11-21 Science
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Release : 2003-11-21
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 915/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Energetic Materials by :

Download or read book Energetic Materials written by . This book was released on 2003-11-21. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an overview of current research and recent advances in the area of energetic materials, focusing on explosives and propellants. The contents and format reflect the fact that theory, experiment and computation are closely linked in this field. The challenge of developing energetic materials that are less sensitive to accidental stimuli continues to be of critical importance. This volume opens with discussions of some determinants of sensitivity and its correlations with various molecular and crystal properties. The next several chapters deal in considerable detail with different aspects and mechanisms of the initiation of detonation, and its quantitative description. The second half of this volume focuses upon combustion. Extensive studies model ignition and combustion, with applications to different propellants. The final chapter is an exhaustive computational treatment of the mechanism and kinetics of combustion initiation reactions of ammonium perchlorate. Overall, this volume illustrates the progress that has been made in the field of energetic materials and some of the areas of current activity. It also indicates the challenges involved in characterizing and understanding the properties and behaviour of these compounds. The work is a unique state-of-the-art treatment of the subject, written by pre-eminent researchers in the field. - Overall emphasis is on theory and computation, presented in the context of relevant experimental work - Presents a unique state-of-the-art treatment of the subject - Contributors are preeminent researchers in the field

Overviews Of Recent Research On Energetic Materials

2005-08-02 Science
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Release : 2005-08-02
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 908/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Overviews Of Recent Research On Energetic Materials by : Donald L Thompson

Download or read book Overviews Of Recent Research On Energetic Materials written by Donald L Thompson. This book was released on 2005-08-02. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few books cover experimental and theoretical methods to characterize decomposition, combustion and detonation of energetic materials. This volume, by internationally known and major contributors to the field, is unique because it summarizes the most important recent work, what we know with confidence, and what main areas remain to be investigated. Most chapters comprise summaries of work spanning decades and contain expert commentary available nowhere else. Although energetic materials are its focus, this book provides a guide to modern methods for investigations of condensed and gas-phase reactions. Although these energetic reactions are complex and difficult to study, the work discussed here provides readers with a substantial understanding of the behavior of materials now in use, and a predictive capability for the development of new materials based on target properties.

Explosive Chemistry

2003
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Release : 2003
Genre :
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Book Synopsis Explosive Chemistry by :

Download or read book Explosive Chemistry written by . This book was released on 2003. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the brief instant of a high-explosive detonation, the shock wave produces a pressure 500,000 times that of the Earth's atmosphere, the detonation wave travels as fast as 10 kilometers per second, and internal temperatures soar up to 5,500 Kelvin. As the shock propagates through the energetic material, the rapid heating coupled with compression that results in almost 30% volume reduction, initiate complex chemical reactions. A dense, highly reactive supercritical fluid is established behind the propagating detonation front. Energy release from the exothermic chemical reactions serve in turn to drive and sustain the detonation process until complete reactivity is reached. Several experimental results suggest the existence of strong correlations between the applied mechanical stress and shocks, the local heterogeneity and defects (dislocations, vacancies, cracks, impurities, etc.), and the onset of chemical reactions. The reaction chemistry of energetic materials at high pressure and temperature is, therefore, of considerable importance in understanding processes that these materials experience under impact and detonation conditions. Chemical decomposition models are critical ingredients in order to predict, among other things, the measured times to explosion and the conditions for ignition of hot spots, localized regions of highly concentrated energy associated with defects. To date, chemical kinetic rates of condense-phase energetic materials at detonation conditions are virtually non-existent, and basic questions such as: (a) which bond in a given energetic molecule breaks first, and (b) what type of chemical reactions (unimolecular versus bimolecular, etc.) that dominate early in the decomposition process, are still largely unknown.

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