Experimental Investigation of in Situ Upgrading of Heavy Oil by Using a Hydrogen Donor and Catalyst During Steam Injection

2008

Author : Ahmad A. A Mohammad
Release : 2008
Genre :
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Book Synopsis Experimental Investigation of in Situ Upgrading of Heavy Oil by Using a Hydrogen Donor and Catalyst During Steam Injection by : Ahmad A. A Mohammad

Download or read book Experimental Investigation of in Situ Upgrading of Heavy Oil by Using a Hydrogen Donor and Catalyst During Steam Injection written by Ahmad A. A Mohammad. This book was released on 2008. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments were conducted to investigate the feasibility of in situ upgrading of heavy oil by the use of an orgametallic catalyst and a hydrogen donor (tetralin). The experiments used a vertical injection cell into which a mixture of sand, water, and Jobo oil was thoroughly mixed and packed. Two types of runs were conducted: a run where the tetralin and catalyst were mixed within the mixture before packing into the cell, and the other was conducted by injecting a slug of the tetralin-catalyst solution before commencing with the steam injection. The Jobo oil used had an oil gravity of 12.4° API and a viscosity of 7800 cp at 30°C. The injection cell was placed in a vacuum jacket and set to a reservoir temperature of 50°C. Superheated steam at 273°C was then injected into the injection cell at a rate of 5.5 cc/min (cold water equivalent). The cell outlet pressure was maintained at 500 psig. Produced liquid samples were collected periodically through a series of separators. The produced oil was divided into two halves and several measurements and analyses were carried out on them. These included viscosity, density, elemental analysis and liquid composition. Experimental results indicated that tetralin alone was a worthy additive and increased recovery by 15% compared to that of pure steam. The premixed tetralincatalyst run showed improved recovery to that of pure steam by 20%. Experiments also showed that, when the tetralin-catalyst solution was injected rather than mixed, the results were equivalent to tetralin injection runs. Oil production acceleration was displayed by all the runs with tetralin and tetralin-catalyst but was more pronounced with the availability of catalyst.

Experimental Study of In-situ Upgrading for Heavy Oil Using Hydrogen Donors and Catalyst Under Steam Injection Condition

2012

Author : Zhiyong Zhang
Release : 2012
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Book Synopsis Experimental Study of In-situ Upgrading for Heavy Oil Using Hydrogen Donors and Catalyst Under Steam Injection Condition by : Zhiyong Zhang

Download or read book Experimental Study of In-situ Upgrading for Heavy Oil Using Hydrogen Donors and Catalyst Under Steam Injection Condition written by Zhiyong Zhang. This book was released on 2012. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research is a study of the in-situ upgrading of Jobo crude oil using steam, tetralin or decalin, and catalyst (Fe(acac)3) at temperatures of 250 °C, 275 °C and 300 °C for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours using an autoclave. Viscosity, API gravity and compositional changes were investigated. We found that tetralin and decalin alone were good solvents for heavy oil recovery. Tetralin or decalin at concentrations of 9% (weight basis) could reduce the Jobo crude oil viscosity measured at 50 °C by 44±2% and 39±3%. Steam alone had some upgrading effects. It could reduce the oil viscosity by 10% after 48 hours of contact at 300°C. Tetralin, decalin or catalyst showed some upgrading effects when used together with steam and caused 5.4±4%, 4±1% and 19±3% viscosity reduction compared with corresponding pre-upgrading mixture after 48 hours of reaction at 300°C. The combination of hydrogen donor tetralin or decalin and catalyst reduced the viscosity of the mixture the most, by 56±1% and 72±1% compared with pre-upgrading mixture. It meant that hydrogen donors and catalyst had strong synergetic effects on heavy oil upgrading. We also found that 300 °C was an effective temperature for heavy oil upgrading with obvious viscosity reduction in the presence of steam, hydrogen donors and catalyst. Reaction can be considered to have reached almost equilibrium condition after 48 hours. The GC-MS analysis of the gas component showed that light hydrocarbon gases and CO2 were generated after reaction. The viscosity reduction from decalin use is larger than that of tetralin because decalin has more hydrogen atoms per molecule than tetralin. A mechanism of transferring H (hydrogen atom) from H2O and hydrogen donors to heavy oil, which can lead to structure and composition changes in heavy oil, is explained. The study has demonstrated that in-situ heavy oil upgrading has great potential applications in heavy and extra heavy oil recovery.

Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils

2023-06-06 Technology & Engineering

Author : Mikhail A. Varfolomeev
Release : 2023-06-06
Genre : Technology & Engineering
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 492/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils by : Mikhail A. Varfolomeev

Download or read book Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils written by Mikhail A. Varfolomeev. This book was released on 2023-06-06. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils A comprehensive guide to a cutting-edge and cost-effective refinement process for heavy oil Oil sufficiently viscous that it cannot flow normally from production wells is called heavy oil and constitutes as much as 70% of global oil reserves. Extracting and refining this oil can pose significant challenges, including very high transportation costs. As a result, processes which produce and partially refine heavy oil in situ, known as catalytic upgrading, are an increasingly important part of the heavy oil extraction process, and the reduced carbon footprint associated with these methods promises to make them even more significant in the coming years. Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils provides a comprehensive introduction to these processes. It introduces the properties and characteristics of heavy and extra-heavy oil before discussing different catalysts and catalyzing processes, their mechanisms and underlying physics, and more. It offers the full sweep of description and analysis required for petroleum and chemical engineers to understand this vital aspect of the modern oil industry. Readers will also find: Detailed discussion of subjects including electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and more Analysis of both liquid catalysts and nanoparticle catalysts A numerical simulation of the catalytic in-situ oil upgrading process Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils is a valuable reference for petroleum and chemical engineers as well as advanced undergraduate and graduate students in related fields.

Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen

2019-07-24 Science

Author : Cesar Ovalles
Release : 2019-07-24
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 097/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen by : Cesar Ovalles

Download or read book Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen written by Cesar Ovalles. This book was released on 2019-07-24. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heavy crude oils and bitumen represent more than 50% of all hydrocarbons available on the planet. These feedstocks have a low amount of distillable material and high level of contaminants that make their production, transportation, and refining difficult and costly by conventional technologies. Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen is of interest to the petroleum industry mainly because of the advantages compared to aboveground counterparts. The author presents an in-depth account and a critical review of the progress of industry and academia in underground or In-Situ upgrading of heavy, extra-heavy oils and bitumen, as reported in the patent and open literature. This work is aimed to be a standalone monograph, so three chapters are dedicated to the composition of petroleum and fundamentals of crude oil production and refining. Key Features: Offers a multidisciplinary scope that will appeal to chemists, geologists, biologists, chemical engineers, and petroleum engineers Presents the advantages and disadvantages of the technologies considered Discusses economic and environmental considerations for all the routes evaluated and offers perspectives from experts in the field working with highlighted technologies

Sustainable In-Situ Heavy Oil and Bitumen Recovery

2023-03-24 Science

Author : Mohammadali Ahmadi
Release : 2023-03-24
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 497/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Sustainable In-Situ Heavy Oil and Bitumen Recovery by : Mohammadali Ahmadi

Download or read book Sustainable In-Situ Heavy Oil and Bitumen Recovery written by Mohammadali Ahmadi. This book was released on 2023-03-24. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable In-Situ Heavy Oil and Bitumen Recovery: Techniques, Case Studies, and Environmental Considerations delivers a critical reference for today’s energy engineers who want to gain an accurate understanding of anticipated GHG emissions in heavy oil recovery. Structured to break down every method with introductions, case studies, technical limitations and summaries, this reference gives engineers a look at the latest hybrid approaches needed to tackle heavy oil recoveries while calculating carbon footprints. Starting from basic definitions and rounding out with future challenges, this book will help energy engineers collectively evolve heavy oil recovery with sustainability applications in mind. Explains environmental footprint considerations within each recovery method Includes the latest hybrid methods such as Hybrid of Air-CO2N2 and Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS) Bridges practical knowledge through case studies, summaries and remaining technical challenges

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