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Working Memory Capacity

2016-04-14 Psychology
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Release : 2016-04-14
Genre : Psychology
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 380/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Working Memory Capacity by : Nelson Cowan

Download or read book Working Memory Capacity written by Nelson Cowan. This book was released on 2016-04-14. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.

Examining the Nature of the Relationship Between Working Memory and Attention

2012 Attention
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Release : 2012
Genre : Attention
Kind : eBook
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Book Synopsis Examining the Nature of the Relationship Between Working Memory and Attention by : Ellen Clarke

Download or read book Examining the Nature of the Relationship Between Working Memory and Attention written by Ellen Clarke. This book was released on 2012. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Working memory (WM) and visuospatial attention (VA) are both cognitive constructs that are related to the processing of relevant information. While these processes are capable of functioning independently, there is significant evidence suggesting a relationship between the two. However, the exact nature of this relationship is not well understood, and no testable hypotheses have been advanced. In this dissertation, three experiments were conducted in an effort to uncover the nature of the relationship between WM and VA. It was hypothesized that when WM and VA are simultaneously deployed, a new process is formed (an integrated view). Based on this hypothesis, it was predicted that this new process would operate using the shared resources of WM and VA. This hypothesis was compared against the parallel view, which stated that WM and VA are separate processes that simply interact. The parallel view would not predict processing resources to be shared between WM and VA. The three experiments were designed to provide converging evidence to support one of these views by targeting different aspects of WM and VA and using various measurement techniques. Results showed support for the integrated view. Specifically, it was demonstrated that manipulations in either WM or VA resulted in graded changes in the other process. This suggests a sharing of resources between the two processes, as would be expected if WM and VA had integrated to form a new process. The parallel view would predict that manipulations in either WM or VA would only have resulted in broad changes in the other process, indicative of a lack of resource sharing. These findings were demonstrated in all three experiments. First, it was shown that manipulating WM load resulted in differences in the effect of the timing of attentional deployment on behavioral performance. Second, manipulations in WM load were associated with different attentional distributions. Finally, the constriction of attention resulted in different relationships between working memory capacity (WMC) and the ability to filter out distracting information. This range of evidence provides strong empirical support for the hypothesis that WM and VA form a new process when simultaneously deployed. Current models of WM and VA do not make predictions regarding the nature of the relationship between the two processes. Thus, should these findings be replicated, models of WM and VA will need to be modified accordingly

Examining the Nature of the Relationship Between Working Memory and Attention

2012 Attention
Download Examining the Nature of the Relationship Between Working Memory and Attention PDF Online Free

Author :
Release : 2012
Genre : Attention
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : /5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Examining the Nature of the Relationship Between Working Memory and Attention by : Ellen Clarke

Download or read book Examining the Nature of the Relationship Between Working Memory and Attention written by Ellen Clarke. This book was released on 2012. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Working memory (WM) and visuospatial attention (VA) are both cognitive constructs that are related to the processing of relevant information. While these processes are capable of functioning independently, there is significant evidence suggesting a relationship between the two. However, the exact nature of this relationship is not well understood, and no testable hypotheses have been advanced. In this dissertation, three experiments were conducted in an effort to uncover the nature of the relationship between WM and VA. It was hypothesized that when WM and VA are simultaneously deployed, a new process is formed (an integrated view). Based on this hypothesis, it was predicted that this new process would operate using the shared resources of WM and VA. This hypothesis was compared against the parallel view, which stated that WM and VA are separate processes that simply interact. The parallel view would not predict processing resources to be shared between WM and VA. The three experiments were designed to provide converging evidence to support one of these views by targeting different aspects of WM and VA and using various measurement techniques. Results showed support for the integrated view. Specifically, it was demonstrated that manipulations in either WM or VA resulted in graded changes in the other process. This suggests a sharing of resources between the two processes, as would be expected if WM and VA had integrated to form a new process. The parallel view would predict that manipulations in either WM or VA would only have resulted in broad changes in the other process, indicative of a lack of resource sharing. These findings were demonstrated in all three experiments. First, it was shown that manipulating WM load resulted in differences in the effect of the timing of attentional deployment on behavioral performance. Second, manipulations in WM load were associated with different attentional distributions. Finally, the constriction of attention resulted in different relationships between working memory capacity (WMC) and the ability to filter out distracting information. This range of evidence provides strong empirical support for the hypothesis that WM and VA form a new process when simultaneously deployed. Current models of WM and VA do not make predictions regarding the nature of the relationship between the two processes. Thus, should these findings be replicated, models of WM and VA will need to be modified accordingly

The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory

2007 Philosophy
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Release : 2007
Genre : Philosophy
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 392/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory by : Naoyuki Osaka

Download or read book The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory written by Naoyuki Osaka. This book was released on 2007. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is only relatively recently that it has been possible to study the neural processes that might underlie working memory, leading to a proliferation of research in this domain. This volume brings together leading researchers from around the world to summarise current knowledge of this field.

New Research on Short-term Memory

2008 Medical
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Release : 2008
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
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Book Synopsis New Research on Short-term Memory by : Noah B. Johansen

Download or read book New Research on Short-term Memory written by Noah B. Johansen. This book was released on 2008. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Short-term memory, sometimes referred to as "primary", "working" or "active" memory, is said to hold a small amount of information for about 20 seconds. Estimates of short-term memory capacity vary -- from about 3 or 4 elements (i.e., words, digits, or letters) to about 9 elements: a commonly cited capacity is 7±2 elements. In contrast, long-term memory indefinitely stores a seemingly unlimited amount of information. Short-term memory can be described as the capacity (or capacities) for holding in mind, in an active, highly available state, a small amount of information. The information held in short-term memory may be: recently processed sensory input; items recently retrieved from long-term memory; or the result of recent mental processing, although that is more generally related to the concept of working memory. This book presents the latest research in the field from around the world.

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