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Stress Ecology

2012-02-02 Science
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Release : 2012-02-02
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 726/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Stress Ecology by : Christian E.W. Steinberg

Download or read book Stress Ecology written by Christian E.W. Steinberg. This book was released on 2012-02-02. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not all stress is stressful; instead, it appears that stress in the environment, below the mutation threshold, is essential for many subtle manifestations of population structures and biodiversity, and has played a substantial role in the evolution of life. Intrigued by the behavior of laboratory animals that contradicted our current understanding of stress, the author and his group studied the beneficial effects of stress on animals and plants. The seemingly “crazy” animals demonstrated that several stress paradigms are outdated and have to be reconsidered. The book describes the general stress responses in microorganisms, plants, and animals to abiotic and biotic, to natural and anthropogenic stressors. These stress responses include the activation of oxygen, the biotransformation system, the stress proteins, and the metal-binding proteins. The potential of stress response lies in the transcription of genes, whereas the actual response is manifested by proteins and metabolites. Yet, not all stress responses are in the genes: micro-RNAs and epigenetics play central roles. Multiple stressors, such as environmental realism, do not always act additively; they may even diminish one another. Furthermore, one stressor often prepares the subject for the next one to come and may produce extended lifespans and increased offspring numbers, thus causing shifts in population structures. This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of the ecological and evolutionary effects of stress.

Behavior, Health, and Environmental Stress

2013-06-29 Psychology
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Release : 2013-06-29
Genre : Psychology
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 804/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Behavior, Health, and Environmental Stress by : Sheldon Cohen

Download or read book Behavior, Health, and Environmental Stress written by Sheldon Cohen. This book was released on 2013-06-29. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eight years ago, four psychologists with varying backgrounds but a common in terest in the impact of environmental stress on behavior and health met to plan a study of the effects of aircraft noise on children. The impetus for the study was an article in the Los Angeles Times about architectural interventions that were planned for several noise-impacted schools under the air corridor of Los Angeles Interna tional Airport. These interventions created an opportunity to study the same chil dren during noise exposure and then later after the exposure had been attenuated. The study was designed to test the generality of several noise effects that had been well established in laboratory experimental studies. It focused on three areas: the relationship between noise and personal control, noise and attention, and noise and cardiovascular response. Two years later, a second study, designed to replicate and extend findings from the first, was conducted.

Environmental Stress

1984-05-25 Medical
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Release : 1984-05-25
Genre : Medical
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 594/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Stress by : Gary W. Evans

Download or read book Environmental Stress written by Gary W. Evans. This book was released on 1984-05-25. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A systematic 1982 on human reactions to five environmental stress factors.

Plant Performance Under Environmental Stress

2021-08-23 Science
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Release : 2021-08-23
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 211/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Plant Performance Under Environmental Stress by : Azamal Husen

Download or read book Plant Performance Under Environmental Stress written by Azamal Husen. This book was released on 2021-08-23. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global climate change is bound to create a number of abiotic and biotic stresses in the environment, which would affect the overall growth and productivity of plants. Like other living beings, plants have the ability to protect themselves by evolving various mechanisms against stresses, despite being sessile in nature. They manage to withstand extremes of temperature, drought, flooding, salinity, heavy metals, atmospheric pollution, toxic chemicals and a variety of living organisms, especially viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, insects and arachnids and weeds. Incidence of abiotic stresses may alter the plant-pest interactions by enhancing susceptibility of plants to pathogenic organisms. These interactions often change plant response to abiotic stresses. Plant growth regulators modulate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and regulate their growth and developmental cascades. A number of physiological and molecular processes that act together in a complex regulatory network, further manage these responses. Crosstalk between autophagy and hormones also occurs to develop tolerance in plants towards multiple abiotic stresses. Similarly, biostimulants, in combination with correct agronomic practices, have shown beneficial effects on plant metabolism due to the hormonal activity that stimulates different metabolic pathways. At the same time, they reduce the use of agrochemicals and impart tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. Further, the use of bio- and nano-fertilizers seem to hold promise to improve the nutrient use efficiency and hence the plant yield under stressful environments. It has also been shown that the seed priming agents impart stress tolerance. Additionally, tolerance or resistance to stress may also be induced by using specific chemical compounds such as polyamines, proline, glycine betaine, hydrogen sulfide, silicon, β-aminobutyric acid, γ-aminobutyric acid and so on. This book discusses the advances in plant performance under stressful conditions. It should be very useful to graduate students, researchers, and scientists in the fields of botanical science, crop science, agriculture, horticulture, ecological and environmental science.

Environmental Stress, Adaptation and Evolution

2013-03-08 Science
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Release : 2013-03-08
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 821/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Stress, Adaptation and Evolution by : K. Bijlsma

Download or read book Environmental Stress, Adaptation and Evolution written by K. Bijlsma. This book was released on 2013-03-08. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most organisms and populations have to cope with hostile environments, threatening their existence. Their ability to respond phenotypically and genetically to these challenges and to evolve adaptive mechanisms is, therefore, crucial. The contributions to this book aim at understanding, from a evolutionary perspective, the impact of stress on biological systems. Scientists, applying different approaches spanning from the molecular and the protein level to individuals, populations and ecosystems, explore how organisms adapt to extreme environments, how stress changes genetic structure and affects life histories, how organisms cope with thermal stress through acclimation, and how environmental and genetic stress induce fluctuating asymmetry, shape selection pressure and cause extinction of populations. Finally, it discusses the role of stress in evolutionary change, from stress induced mutations and selection to speciation and evolution at the geological time scale. The book contains reviews and novel scientific results on the subject. It will be of interest to both researchers and graduate students and may serve as a text for graduate courses.

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