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Economic Recessions and Congressional Preferences for Redistribution

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Release : 2019
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Book Synopsis Economic Recessions and Congressional Preferences for Redistribution by : Maria Carreri

Download or read book Economic Recessions and Congressional Preferences for Redistribution written by Maria Carreri. This book was released on 2019. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the roots of politicians' preferences for redistribution by exploring whether early life experiences have persistent, long-run effects on U.S. Members of Congress' voting records. We study whether having experienced an economic recession during early adulthood affected their positions on redistribution-specific bills during the period 1957-2014. We find that politicians who experienced a recession hold more conservative positions on redistribution, even compared to members of the same party in the same legislature. We rule out alternative accounts and show that experiencing a recession directly affects future politicians' personal preferences. In light of recent empirical evidence showing that voters become more supportive of redistribution following a recession, our findings suggest that macroeconomic shocks have a polarizing effect: recessions can create an ideological wedge between voters and their future representatives. We present two pieces of evidence suggesting that this wedge can be explained by politicians' privileged background.

Economic Recessions and Congressional Preferences for Redistribution

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Release : 2016
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Book Synopsis Economic Recessions and Congressional Preferences for Redistribution by :

Download or read book Economic Recessions and Congressional Preferences for Redistribution written by . This book was released on 2016. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Redistribution Recession: How Labor Market Distortions Contracted the Economy

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Release : 2012-10-05
Genre : Business & Economics
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 423/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Redistribution Recession: How Labor Market Distortions Contracted the Economy by : Casey B. Mulligan

Download or read book The Redistribution Recession: How Labor Market Distortions Contracted the Economy written by Casey B. Mulligan. This book was released on 2012-10-05. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Redistribution, or subsidies and regulations intended to help the poor, unemployed, and financially distressed, have changed in many ways since the onset of the recent financial crisis. The unemployed, for instance, can collect benefits longer and can receive bonuses, health subsidies, and tax deductions, and millions more people have became eligible for food stamps. Economist Casey B. Mulligan argues that while many of these changes were intended to help people endure economic events and boost the economy, they had the unintended consequence of deepening-if not causing-the recession. By dulling incentives for people to maintain their own living standards, redistribution created employment losses according to age, skill, and family composition. Mulligan explains how elevated tax rates and binding minimum-wage laws reduced labor usage, consumption, and investment, and how they increased labor productivity. He points to entire industries that slashed payrolls while experiencing little or no decline in production or revenue, documenting the disconnect between employment and production that occurred during the recession. The book provides an authoritative, comprehensive economic analysis of the marginal tax rates implicit in public and private sector subsidy programs, and uses quantitative measures of incentives to work and their changes over time since 2007 to illustrate production and employment patterns. It reveals the startling amount of work incentives eroded by the labyrinth of new and existing social safety net program rules, and, using prior results from labor economics and public finance, estimates that the labor market contracted two to three times more than it would have if redistribution policies had remained constant. In The Redistribution Recession, Casey B. Mulligan offers hard evidence to contradict the notion that work incentives suddenly stop mattering during a recession or when interest rates approach zero, and offers groundbreaking interpretations and precise explanations of the interplay between unemployment and financial markets.

Aggregate Shocks and the Formation of Preferences and Beliefs

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Release : 2024-09-13
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Book Synopsis Aggregate Shocks and the Formation of Preferences and Beliefs by : Ms. Paola Giuliano

Download or read book Aggregate Shocks and the Formation of Preferences and Beliefs written by Ms. Paola Giuliano. This book was released on 2024-09-13. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growing body of work has shown that aggregate shocks affect the formation of preferences and beliefs. This article reviews evidence from sociology, social psychology, and economics to assess the relevance of aggregate shocks, whether the period in which they are experienced matters, and whether they alter preferences and beliefs permanently. We review the literature on recessions, inflation experiences, trade shocks, and aggregate non-economic shocks including migrations, wars, terrorist attacks, pandemics, and natural disasters. For each aggregate shock, we discuss the main empirical methodologies, their limitations, and their comparability across studies, outlining possible mechanisms whenever available. A few conclusions emerge consistently across the reviewed papers. First, aggregate shocks impact many preferences and beliefs, including political preferences, risk attitudes, and trust in institutions. Second, the effect of shocks experienced during young adulthood is stronger and longer lasting. Third, negative aggregate economic shocks generally move preferences and beliefs to the right of the political spectrum, while the effects of non-economic adverse shocks are more heterogeneous and depend on the context.

The Cash Ceiling

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Release : 2020-03-03
Genre : Political Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 733/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Cash Ceiling by : Nicholas Carnes

Download or read book The Cash Ceiling written by Nicholas Carnes. This book was released on 2020-03-03. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are Americans governed by the rich? Millionaires make up only three percent of the public but control all three branches of the federal government. How did this happen? What stops lower-income and working-class Americans from becoming politicians? The first book to answer these urgent questions, The Cash Ceiling provides a compelling and comprehensive account of why so few working-class people hold office--and what reformers can do about it. Using extensive data on candidates, politicians, party leaders, and voters, Nicholas Carnes debunks popular misconceptions (like the idea that workers are unelectable or unqualified to govern), identifies the factors that keep lower-class Americans off the ballot and out of political institutions, and evaluates a variety of reform proposals. In the United States, Carnes shows, elections have a built-in "cash ceiling," a series of structural barriers that make it almost impossible for the working-class to run for public office. Elections take a serious toll on candidates, many working-class Americans simply can't shoulder the practical burdens, and civic and political leaders often pass them over in favor of white-collar candidates. But these obstacles aren't inevitable. Pilot programs to recruit, train, and support working-class candidates have the potential to increase the economic diversity of our governing institutions and ultimately amplify the voices of ordinary citizens.

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