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Data Orchestration in Deep Learning Accelerators

2022-05-31 Technology & Engineering
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Release : 2022-05-31
Genre : Technology & Engineering
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Book Rating : 676/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Data Orchestration in Deep Learning Accelerators by : Tushar Krishna

Download or read book Data Orchestration in Deep Learning Accelerators written by Tushar Krishna. This book was released on 2022-05-31. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Synthesis Lecture focuses on techniques for efficient data orchestration within DNN accelerators. The End of Moore's Law, coupled with the increasing growth in deep learning and other AI applications has led to the emergence of custom Deep Neural Network (DNN) accelerators for energy-efficient inference on edge devices. Modern DNNs have millions of hyper parameters and involve billions of computations; this necessitates extensive data movement from memory to on-chip processing engines. It is well known that the cost of data movement today surpasses the cost of the actual computation; therefore, DNN accelerators require careful orchestration of data across on-chip compute, network, and memory elements to minimize the number of accesses to external DRAM. The book covers DNN dataflows, data reuse, buffer hierarchies, networks-on-chip, and automated design-space exploration. It concludes with data orchestration challenges with compressed and sparse DNNs and future trends. The target audience is students, engineers, and researchers interested in designing high-performance and low-energy accelerators for DNN inference.

Deep Learning Systems

2022-05-31 Technology & Engineering
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Release : 2022-05-31
Genre : Technology & Engineering
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 692/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Deep Learning Systems by : Andres Rodriguez

Download or read book Deep Learning Systems written by Andres Rodriguez. This book was released on 2022-05-31. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes deep learning systems: the algorithms, compilers, and processor components to efficiently train and deploy deep learning models for commercial applications. The exponential growth in computational power is slowing at a time when the amount of compute consumed by state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) workloads is rapidly growing. Model size, serving latency, and power constraints are a significant challenge in the deployment of DL models for many applications. Therefore, it is imperative to codesign algorithms, compilers, and hardware to accelerate advances in this field with holistic system-level and algorithm solutions that improve performance, power, and efficiency. Advancing DL systems generally involves three types of engineers: (1) data scientists that utilize and develop DL algorithms in partnership with domain experts, such as medical, economic, or climate scientists; (2) hardware designers that develop specialized hardware to accelerate the components in the DL models; and (3) performance and compiler engineers that optimize software to run more efficiently on a given hardware. Hardware engineers should be aware of the characteristics and components of production and academic models likely to be adopted by industry to guide design decisions impacting future hardware. Data scientists should be aware of deployment platform constraints when designing models. Performance engineers should support optimizations across diverse models, libraries, and hardware targets. The purpose of this book is to provide a solid understanding of (1) the design, training, and applications of DL algorithms in industry; (2) the compiler techniques to map deep learning code to hardware targets; and (3) the critical hardware features that accelerate DL systems. This book aims to facilitate co-innovation for the advancement of DL systems. It is written for engineers working in one or more of these areas who seek to understand the entire system stack in order to better collaborate with engineers working in other parts of the system stack. The book details advancements and adoption of DL models in industry, explains the training and deployment process, describes the essential hardware architectural features needed for today's and future models, and details advances in DL compilers to efficiently execute algorithms across various hardware targets. Unique in this book is the holistic exposition of the entire DL system stack, the emphasis on commercial applications, and the practical techniques to design models and accelerate their performance. The author is fortunate to work with hardware, software, data scientist, and research teams across many high-technology companies with hyperscale data centers. These companies employ many of the examples and methods provided throughout the book.

Algorithm-accelerator Co-design for High-performance and Secure Deep Learning

2022
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Release : 2022
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Book Synopsis Algorithm-accelerator Co-design for High-performance and Secure Deep Learning by : Weizhe Hua

Download or read book Algorithm-accelerator Co-design for High-performance and Secure Deep Learning written by Weizhe Hua. This book was released on 2022. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep learning has emerged as a new engine for many of today's artificial intelligence/machine learning systems, leading to several recent breakthroughs in vision and natural language processing tasks.However, as we move into the era of deep learning with billions and even trillions of parameters, meeting the computational and memory requirements to train and serve state-of-the-art models has become extremely challenging. Optimizing the computational cost and memory footprint of deep learning models for better system performance is critical to the widespread deployment of deep learning. Moreover, a massive amount of sensitive and private user data is exposed to the deep learning system during the training or serving process. Therefore, it is essential to investigate potential vulnerabilities in existing deep learning hardware, and then design secure deep learning systems that provide strong privacy guarantees for user data and the models that learn from the data. In this dissertation, we propose to co-design the deep learning algorithms and hardware architectural techniques to improve both the performance and security/privacy of deep learning systems. On high-performance deep learning, we first introduce channel gating neural network (CGNet), which exploits the dynamic sparsity of specific inputs to reduce computation of convolutional neural networks. We also co-develop an ASIC accelerator for CGNet that can turn theoretical FLOP reduction into wall-clock speedup. Secondly, we present Fast Linear Attention with a Single Head (FLASH), a state-of-the-art language model specifically designed for Google's TPU that can achieve transformer-level quality with linear complexity with respect to the sequence length. Through our empirical studies on masked language modeling, auto-regressive language modeling, and fine-tuning for question answering, FLASH achieves at least similar if not better quality compared to the augmented transformer, while being significantly faster (e.g., up to 12 times faster). On the security of deep learning, we study the side-channel vulnerabilities of existing deep learning accelerators. We then introduce a secure accelerator architecture for privacy-preserving deep learning, named GuardNN. GuardNN provides a trusted execution environment (TEE) with specialized protection for deep learning, and achieves a small trusted computing base and low protection overhead at the same time. The FPGA prototype of GuardNN achieves a maximum performance overhead of 2.4\% across four different modern DNNs models for ImageNet.

Efficient Processing of Deep Neural Networks

2022-05-31 Technology & Engineering
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Release : 2022-05-31
Genre : Technology & Engineering
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 668/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Efficient Processing of Deep Neural Networks by : Vivienne Sze

Download or read book Efficient Processing of Deep Neural Networks written by Vivienne Sze. This book was released on 2022-05-31. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a structured treatment of the key principles and techniques for enabling efficient processing of deep neural networks (DNNs). DNNs are currently widely used for many artificial intelligence (AI) applications, including computer vision, speech recognition, and robotics. While DNNs deliver state-of-the-art accuracy on many AI tasks, it comes at the cost of high computational complexity. Therefore, techniques that enable efficient processing of deep neural networks to improve key metrics—such as energy-efficiency, throughput, and latency—without sacrificing accuracy or increasing hardware costs are critical to enabling the wide deployment of DNNs in AI systems. The book includes background on DNN processing; a description and taxonomy of hardware architectural approaches for designing DNN accelerators; key metrics for evaluating and comparing different designs; features of DNN processing that are amenable to hardware/algorithm co-design to improve energy efficiency and throughput; and opportunities for applying new technologies. Readers will find a structured introduction to the field as well as formalization and organization of key concepts from contemporary work that provide insights that may spark new ideas.

Exploiting Data Characteristics in The Design of Accelerators for Deep Learning

2019
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Release : 2019
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Book Synopsis Exploiting Data Characteristics in The Design of Accelerators for Deep Learning by : Patrick H. Judd

Download or read book Exploiting Data Characteristics in The Design of Accelerators for Deep Learning written by Patrick H. Judd. This book was released on 2019. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent "Cambrian explosion" of Deep Learning (DL) algorithms in concert with the end of Moore's Law and Dennard Scaling has spurred interest in the design of custom hardware accelerators for DL algorithms. While DL has progressed quickly thanks in part to the abundance of efficient parallel computation provided by General Purpose Graphics Processing Units, newer DL algorithms demand even higher levels of compute density and efficiency. Furthermore, applications of DL in the mobile and embedded domains demand the energy efficiency of special purpose hardware. DL algorithms are dominated by large matrix-vector product computations, making them ideal targets for wide Single Instruction Multiple Data architectures. For the most part, efficiently mapping the structure of these computations to hardware is straightforward. Building on such designs, this thesis examines the data characteristics of these computations and proposes hardware modifications to exploit them for performance and energy efficiency. Specifically, this thesis examines the sparsity and precision requirements of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks, which comprise multiple layers of matrix-vector product computations. We propose a profiling method to find per layer reduced precision configurations while maintaining high classification accuracy. Following this, we propose three accelerator designs that build on top of the state-of-the-art DaDianNao accelerator. 1) Proteus exploits the reduced precision profiles by adding a light weight memory compression layer, saving energy in memory access and communication, and enabling larger networks in a fixed memory budget. 2) Cnvlutin exploits the presence of zero, and near zero, values in the inter-layer data by applying sparse compression to the data stream while maintain efficient utilization of the wide memory and compute structure of the SIMD accelerator. 3) Stripes exploits the reduced precision profiles for performance by processing data bit-serially, compensating for serial latency by exploiting the abundant parallelism in the convolution operation. All three designs exploit approximation, in terms of reduced precision and computation skipping to improve energy efficiency and/or performance while maintaining high classification accuracy. By approximating more aggressively, these designs can also dynamically trade-off accuracy for further improvements in performance and energy.

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