1# Library to Find Best eBook for Read
Author :
Release : 2012
Genre :
Kind : eBook
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Book Synopsis Control of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Fate by Engineering Signaling Pathways by :
Download or read book Control of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Fate by Engineering Signaling Pathways written by . This book was released on 2012. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Release : 2014
Genre :
Kind : eBook
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Book Synopsis Engineering Density-dependent Signaling Pathways to Regulate Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Fate by :
Download or read book Engineering Density-dependent Signaling Pathways to Regulate Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Fate written by . This book was released on 2014. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much progress has been made in elucidating molecular pathways governing human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) fate decisions and controlling differentiation fates to generate desired cell types. However, the transition from 2D monolayer culture to a more physiologically-relevant, 3D microenvironment brings various additional factors that affect stem cell fates, including soluble factors, extracellular matrix, mechanical forces and intercellular interactions. These mechanisms must be elucidated in order to completely realize the downstream potential of hPSCs. My research has utilized a 3D microwell array system to modulate the intercellular interactions of hPSCs and evaluate the effects of 3D cell interactions on developmental signaling pathways and differentiation. In addition to 3D culture, we also varied 2D culture densities to identify developmentally important signaling pathways that were modulated. To this end, we focused on the Hippo pathway due to its involvement in cell contact inhibition and hPSC pluripotency. We observed that at higher densities, YAP phosphorylation and localization to the cytoplasm increased, which led to decreased Hippo transcriptional activity, as measured using YAP responsive luciferase reporter cell lines. We also demonstrated that the density-dependent increase of neuroepithelial cell conversion rates from increasing density could be recapitulated by the knockdown of YAP. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that understanding the effects of specific 3D microenvironmental cues, such as cell density, in regulating hPSCs is relevant to developing physiologically-relevant cells and tissues.
Author : Ulrich Martin
Release : 2018-02-28
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 918/5 ( reviews)
Book Synopsis Engineering and Application of Pluripotent Stem Cells by : Ulrich Martin
Download or read book Engineering and Application of Pluripotent Stem Cells written by Ulrich Martin. This book was released on 2018-02-28. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the latest biotechnological advances with pluripotent stem cells, exploring their application in tissue engineering and medicinal chemistry. Chapters from expert contributors cover topics such as the production of transgene-free induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), expansion, controlled differentiation and programming of pluripotent stem cells, and their genetic instability. Particular attention is given to the application of the pluripotent stem cells for vascularision of engineered tissue and for drug screening. This book will appeal to researchers working in regenerative medicine and drug discovery, and to bioengineers and professionals interested in stem cell research.
Author : Jonathon M. Muncie
Release : 2020
Genre :
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : /5 ( reviews)
Book Synopsis Mechanics Regulate Stem Cell Differentiation and Tissue Development by : Jonathon M. Muncie
Download or read book Mechanics Regulate Stem Cell Differentiation and Tissue Development written by Jonathon M. Muncie. This book was released on 2020. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineering functional tissues and organs from stem cells requires simultaneous control over both cell fate and organization of tissue architecture. Cell-generated forces, such as cytoskeletal contractility, traction stresses, and cell-cell tension have long been recognized as critical drivers of tissue morphogenesis; nevertheless, it has remained unclear whether these physical forces also directly regulate cell fate decisions by modulating biochemical signaling pathways. In this work, we demonstrated that human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) cultured on compliant engineered substrates self-organize to form discrete gastrulation nodes that foster mesoderm specification. We identified a mechanism whereby localized high cell-adhesion tension induces mesoderm specification by enhancing Wnt/Îø-catenin signaling, and furthermore, we showed that application of mechanical tension via stretching is sufficient to induce mesoderm specification. Additionally, we demonstrated that cell adhesion proteins and regulators of cytoskeletal contractility control pattern formation in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), independent of cell fate specification. Further, we discovered that a specific Wnt ligand from the niche regulates muscle stem cell (SC) quiescence via Rho signaling that promotes SC contractility. Finally, we developed a novel protocol for performing atomic force microscopy (AFM) on mouse bone marrow to enable characterization of the biophysical properties of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche. Together, these findings underscore the interplay between tissue organization, cell-generated forces, and morphogen-dependent differentiation. This body of work demonstrates that mechanical forces play a direct role in cell fate specification during development and regulate stem cell function in the adult organism.
Author : Minoru Tomizawa
Release : 2016-07-20
Genre : Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 714/5 ( reviews)
Book Synopsis Pluripotent Stem Cells by : Minoru Tomizawa
Download or read book Pluripotent Stem Cells written by Minoru Tomizawa. This book was released on 2016-07-20. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pluripotent stem cells have distinct characteristics: self-renewal and the potential to differentiate into various somatic cells. In recent years, substantial advances have been made from basic science to clinical applications. The vast amount knowledge available makes obtaining concise yet sufficient information difficult, hence the purpose of this book. In this book, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells are discussed. The book is divided into five sections: pluripotency, culture methods, toxicology, disease models, and regenerative medicine. The topics covered range from new concepts to current technologies. Readers are expected to gain useful information from expert contributors.
