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China's Virtual Monopoly of Rare Earth Elements

2018-06-12 Social Science
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Release : 2018-06-12
Genre : Social Science
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 901/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis China's Virtual Monopoly of Rare Earth Elements by : Roland Howanietz

Download or read book China's Virtual Monopoly of Rare Earth Elements written by Roland Howanietz. This book was released on 2018-06-12. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rare Earth Elements are a group of 17 metals which have a central role in modern industry, increasingly used in the fields of green technologies, high technological consumer goods, industrial and medical appliances and modern weapons systems. Although deposits of Rare Earths are globally dispersed, over 90% of global demand has been provided by Chinese mines since the late 1990s, leading to a situation where China has a virtual monopoly. This book surveys the Rare Earths mining industry, discusses the extent to which Rare Earths really are scarce elsewhere in the world and assesses the economics of production, considering arguments for the rationing of supply, for higher pricing and for a total export embargo. This actually occurred in 2010, demonstrating the vulnerability of the rest of the world to China’s control of these increasingly vital resources.

China's Monopoly on Rare Earths

2011 China
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Release : 2011
Genre : China
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Book Synopsis China's Monopoly on Rare Earths by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific

Download or read book China's Monopoly on Rare Earths written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific. This book was released on 2011. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

China and the Geopolitics of Rare Earths

2018 Business & Economics
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Release : 2018
Genre : Business & Economics
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 932/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis China and the Geopolitics of Rare Earths by : Sophia Kalantzakos

Download or read book China and the Geopolitics of Rare Earths written by Sophia Kalantzakos. This book was released on 2018. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resource competition, mineral scarcity, and economic statecraft -- What are rare earths? -- Salt and oil : strategic parallels -- How China came to dominate the rare earth industry

Rare Earth Elements

2012 National security
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Release : 2012
Genre : National security
Kind : eBook
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Book Synopsis Rare Earth Elements by : Charles J. Butler

Download or read book Rare Earth Elements written by Charles J. Butler. This book was released on 2012. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Currently, the U.S. along with most of the industrialized world depends almost exclusively on Chinese imports of rare earth elements for this crucial resource in the manufacture of vital components found in both commercial and defense products. Subsequently, China's monopoly of the rare earths industry has ramifications for not only the U.S. commercial manufacturing base but also for its military. Recent history has shown that China is not averse to leveraging its advantage with regard to rare earths production and exports to hold a trading partner hostage against a political backdrop vis-à-vis Japan in 2010. This fact coupled with a growing internal appetite for rare earths to fuel its ever-growing economy has resulted in China cutting its export quotas significantly over the last several years. Due to these factors, the U.S. faces a situation where its own security may be at risk due to a lack of access to a strategic resource, especially one that is controlled by a potential adversary in the future. The U.S. must develop a strategic plan to address the issue either through the use of stockpiling, recycling, indigenous production, combining efforts with its closest allies, or a combination of the four to ensure the U.S. military never faces a shortage of critical weapons or systems required to win its nation's wars."--Abstract.

Countering China's Dominance in the Rare Earth Element Market System

2012 Rare earth industry
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Release : 2012
Genre : Rare earth industry
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Book Synopsis Countering China's Dominance in the Rare Earth Element Market System by : Eric O. Estep

Download or read book Countering China's Dominance in the Rare Earth Element Market System written by Eric O. Estep. This book was released on 2012. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper will discuss how the United States can exercise the economic element of national power to ensure access to rare earth elements (REE) in a China-dominated market system. Since the 1980's, China has gained a virtual monopoly in the mining and production of REE. Today, China produces over 95% of all REE used by the world. The United States, its allies, and trading partners become increasingly dependent on REE each day as the world evolves into a more information based high-technology driven society. REE are vital to the United States' high-technology economy, state of the art defense systems, and renewable and clean energy systems. China's virtual monopoly of REE allows Chinese control of prices, availability and production of high-technology products and materials to achieve Chinese political and economic ends. Since not all REEs can be produced in the United States, it is imperative that the U.S. creates a reliable, predictable, resilient, and cost effective REE global supply chain in addition to reestablishing a U.S. based production capability.

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