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Approximate Semantic Transference: a Computational Theory of Metaphors and Analogies

1985 Analogy
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Release : 1985
Genre : Analogy
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Book Synopsis Approximate Semantic Transference: a Computational Theory of Metaphors and Analogies by : Boston University. Dept. of Computer Science

Download or read book Approximate Semantic Transference: a Computational Theory of Metaphors and Analogies written by Boston University. Dept. of Computer Science. This book was released on 1985. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Computational Theory of Metaphor

1988 Comprehension
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Release : 1988
Genre : Comprehension
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Book Synopsis A Computational Theory of Metaphor by : James H. Martin

Download or read book A Computational Theory of Metaphor written by James H. Martin. This book was released on 1988. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metaphor is a conventional and ordinary part of language. A theory attempting to explain metaphor must acount for the ease with which conventional metaphors are understood, and with the ability to understand novel metaphors as they are encountered. An approach to metaphor, based on the explicit representation of knowledge about metaphors, has been deeloped to address these issues. This approach asserts that the interpretation of conventional metaphoric language should proceed through the direct application of specific knowledge about the metaphors in the language. Corespondingly, the interpretation of novel metaphors can be accomplished through the systematic extension, elaboration, and combination of knowledge about already well-understood metaphors. MIDAS (Metaphor Interpretation, Denotation and Acquisition System) is a computer program that embodies this approach. MIDAS can be used to perform the following tasks: represent knowledge about conventional metaphors, interpret metaphoric language by applying this knowledge, and dynamicallly learn new metaphors as they are encountered during normal processing. Knowledge about conventional metaphors is represented in the form of coherent sets of associations between disparate conceptual domains. the representation captures both the details of individual metaphors, and the systematicities exhibited by the set of metaphors in the language as a whole. These systematic sets of associations were implemented using the KODIAK knowledge representation language. MIDAS is capable of using this metphoric knowledge to interpret conventional metaphoric language. The main thrust of this approach is that normal processing of metaphoric language proceeds through the direct application of specific knowledge about the metaphors in the language. This approach gives equal status to all conventional metaphoric and literal interpretations. Moreover, the mechanisms used to arrive at metaphoric and literal interpretations are fundamentally the same. When a meaphor is encountered for which MIDAS has no applicable knowledge, MIDAS calls pon its learning component - the Metaphor Extension System (MES). The approach embodies in the MES asserts that a novel metaphor can best be understood through the systematic extenion of an already wel-understood metaphor. MIDAS has been integrated as a part of the UNIX Consultant system. UC is a natural language consultant system that provides naive computer users with advice on how to use the UNIX operating system. By calling MIDAS, UC can successfully interpret and learn conventional UNIX domain metaphors, as they are encountered during the course of UC's normal processing.

Aspects of Metaphor

2013-03-09 Philosophy
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Release : 2013-03-09
Genre : Philosophy
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 153/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Aspects of Metaphor by : Jaakko Hintikka

Download or read book Aspects of Metaphor written by Jaakko Hintikka. This book was released on 2013-03-09. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metaphor is one of the most frequently evoked but at the same time most poorly understood concepts in philosophy and literary theory. In recent years, several interesting approaches to metaphor have been presented or outlined. In this volume, authors of some of the most important new approaches re-present their views or illustrate them by means of applications, thus allowing the reader to survey some of the prominent ongoing developments in this field. These authors include Robert Fogelin, Susan Haack, Jaakko Hintikka (with Gabriel Sandu), Bipin Indurkhya and Eva Kittay (with Eric Steinhart). Their stance is in the main constructive rather than critical; but frequent comparisons of different views further facilitate the reader's overview. In the other contributions, metaphor is related to the problems of visual representation (Noël Carroll), to the open class test (Avishai Margalit and Naomi Goldblum) as well as to Wittgenstein's idea of 'a way of life' (E.M. Zemach).

Metaphor II

1990-01-01 Language Arts & Disciplines
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Release : 1990-01-01
Genre : Language Arts & Disciplines
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 202/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Metaphor II by :

Download or read book Metaphor II written by . This book was released on 1990-01-01. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metaphor, though not now the scholarly “mania” it once was, remains a topic of great interest in many disciplines albeit with interesting shifts in emphasis. Warren Shibles' Metaphor: An Annotated Bibliography and History (Bloomington, Ind. 1971) recorded the initial interest. Then Metaphor: A Bibliography of Post-1970 Publications, published by John Benjamins, continued the record through the mania years up to 1985 when writings proliferated as metaphor was seen to be a fundamental category in human thought and language. Five years later, there is a need for a report on the newest thinking and tendencies in the field. This need is fulfilled by Metaphor II which offers a comprehensive view of information which would otherwise remain scattered throughout a numbing plethora of resources, including many sometimes-hard-to-find publications from Eastern Europe. Metaphor II systematically collects references of books, articles and papers published between 1985 and May 1990, and includes for completeness corrections and additions to the earlier bibliographies. Abstracts are given for many of the titles, while four indices (disciplines, semantic fields, metaphor theory and names) multiply the number of access points to the information.

The Logic of Metaphor

2013-06-29 Philosophy
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Release : 2013-06-29
Genre : Philosophy
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Book Rating : 549/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of Metaphor by : Eric Steinhart

Download or read book The Logic of Metaphor written by Eric Steinhart. This book was released on 2013-06-29. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Metaphors and Logic Metaphors are among the most vigorous offspring of the creative mind; but their vitality springs from the fact that they are logical organisms in the ecology of l- guage. I aim to use logical techniques to analyze the meanings of metaphors. My goal here is to show how contemporary formal semantics can be extended to handle metaphorical utterances. What distinguishes this work is that it focuses intensely on the logical aspects of metaphors. I stress the role of logic in the generation and int- pretation of metaphors. While I don't presuppose any formal training in logic, some familiarity with philosophical logic (the propositional calculus and the predicate c- culus) is helpful. Since my theory makes great use of the notion of structure, I refer to it as the structural theory of m etaphor (STM). STM is a semant ic theory of m etaphor : if STM is correct, then metaphors are cognitively meaningful and are n- trivially logically linked with truth. I aim to extend possible worlds semantics to handle metaphors. I'll argue that some sentences in natural languages like English have multiple meanings: "Juliet is the sun" has (at least) two meanings: the literal meaning "(Juliet is the sunkIT" and the metaphorical meaning "(Juliet is the sun)MET". Each meaning is a function from (possible) worlds to truth-values. I deny that these functions are identical; I deny that the metaphorical function is necessarily false or necessarily true.

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