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Analysis of Fast Neutral Particles in Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion Devices

2014
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Release : 2014
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Book Synopsis Analysis of Fast Neutral Particles in Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion Devices by :

Download or read book Analysis of Fast Neutral Particles in Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion Devices written by . This book was released on 2014. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A neutral particle analyzer was engineered specifically for inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion devices for the first time and particularly for studies with relevance to operation with helium-3, an advanced fusion fuel. For experiments with helium, this technique yields energy distributions of escaping fast neutral particles produced by atomic and molecular processes between energetic ions and background gas, as well as the line-of-sight-averaged energy distributions of fast ions. The setup uses a 10 nm carbon foil as a stripping target for incident fast neutral particles and cylindrical electrodes with a variable relative voltage for deflecting ions of a specific energy per unit charge into a continuous electron multiplier. The new diagnostic can be used to study neutral particles with kinetic energies between 5 and 170 keV, with a measured energy resolution of 2-4% between 5 and 30 keV. Initial neutral particle analysis experiments have been performed at cathode voltages up to 60 kV for IEC devices in the glow discharge, external-ion-source and filament-assisted source plasma configurations, with both helium-4 and deuterium gas. Comparisons between experimentally determined neutral-particle energy distributions and predictions by the VICTER and HeVICTER integral-transport numerical codes on spherically convergent ion flow in IEC devices show that the codes do not capture many details of the relevant physics. For helium-4 experiments in the external-ion-source mode, the energy distributions were confirmed to be significantly harder at 0.2 millitorr than at 5 millitorr, which is essential for the prospects of the configuration for increasing helium-3 fusion rates.

Fusion Neutron Production Using Deuterium Fuel in an Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Device at 10 to 200 Kilovolts

2018
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Release : 2018
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Book Synopsis Fusion Neutron Production Using Deuterium Fuel in an Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Device at 10 to 200 Kilovolts by : Aaron N. Fancher

Download or read book Fusion Neutron Production Using Deuterium Fuel in an Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Device at 10 to 200 Kilovolts written by Aaron N. Fancher. This book was released on 2018. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work details the advancement and understanding of fusion neutron generation capabilities using a deuterium fueled spherical gridded inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) device operating up to 200 kV at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The goal of this work was to extend the experimental and theoretical understanding of gridded IEC operations to previously unachieved 200 kV cathode operation and to investigate long term trends in the neutron production rate performance. To support this experimental investigation, hardware with the capability to reliably sustain 200 kV operation was successfully developed by constructing a resistively divided 2-stage high voltage vacuum feedthrough. Repeated measurements of the neutron production rate under fixed experimental conditions were performed over the span of 100 operational runs, which showed an upward trend in the neutron production rate performance. An investigation into the impact of impurity gas in the chamber during operation showed the reduction of impurity gas in the system and an increase in neutron production rate are correlated. An estimation of the neutron production rate increase over these runs due to embedded fusion reactions in the chamber wall showed a fuel density build up near the surface by the implantation of fast neutral deuterium particles leaving the system can plausibly account for the upward trend in neutron production rate measurements. Parametric studies measured the neutron production rate with variations in the device cathode voltage (10-200 kV), cathode current (30-100 mA) and chamber pressure (0.2-1.7 mTorr D2), and comparisons with a theoretical model are made. The results of this study showed the neutron production rate scales linearly with current as expected with a beam-target fusion regime and scales in a complex manner with voltage and pressure. Comparisons made to a theoretical model of the neutron production rate using an integral transport code showed the absolute neutron production rate prediction by the model is a factor of 7.8 lower than experimental measurements. A new record for steady-state D-D neutron production rate of 3.8x108 neutrons/s has been achieved in a gridded IEC device at a cathode voltage of 200 kV, cathode current of 100 mA, and chamber pressure of 1.0 mTorr D2.

Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) Fusion

2013-12-12 Technology & Engineering
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Release : 2013-12-12
Genre : Technology & Engineering
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Book Rating : 382/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) Fusion by : George H. Miley

Download or read book Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) Fusion written by George H. Miley. This book was released on 2013-12-12. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with an introductory understanding of Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC), a type of fusion meant to retain plasma using an electrostatic field. IEC provides a unique approach for plasma confinement, as it offers a number of spin-off applications, such as a small neutron source for Neutron Activity Analysis (NAA), that all work towards creating fusion power. The IEC has been identified in recent times as an ideal fusion power unit because of its ability to burn aneutronic fuels like p-B11 as a result of its non-Maxwellian plasma dominated by beam-like ions. This type of fusion also takes place in a simple mechanical structure small in size, which also contributes to its viability as a source of power. This book posits that the ability to study the physics of IEC in very small volume plasmas makes it possible to rapidly investigate a design to create a power-producing device on a much larger scale. Along with this hypothesis the book also includes a conceptual experiment proposed for demonstrating breakeven conditions for using p-B11 in a hydrogen plasma simulation. This book also: Offers an in-depth look, from introductory basics to experimental simulation, of Inertial Electrostatic Confinement, an emerging method for generating fusion power Discusses how the Inertial Electrostatic Confinement method can be applied to other applications besides fusion through theoretical experiments in the text Details the study of the physics of Inertial Electrostatic Confinement in small-volume plasmas and suggests that their rapid reproduction could lead to the creation of a large-scale power-producing device Perfect for researchers and students working with nuclear fusion, Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) Fusion: Fundamentals and Applications also offers the current experimental status of IEC research, details supporting theories in the field and introduces other potential applications that stem from IEC.

Improved Lifetimes and Synchronization Behavior in Multi-grid Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion Devices

2007
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Release : 2007
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Book Synopsis Improved Lifetimes and Synchronization Behavior in Multi-grid Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion Devices by : Thomas John McGuire

Download or read book Improved Lifetimes and Synchronization Behavior in Multi-grid Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion Devices written by Thomas John McGuire. This book was released on 2007. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A high output power source is required for fast, manned exploration of the solar system, especially the outer planets. Travel times measured in months, not years, will require high power, lightweight nuclear systems. The mature nuclear concepts of solidcore fission and fusion Tokamaks do not satisfy the lightweight criteria due to massive radiators and magnets respectively. An attractive alternative is Inertial Electrostatic Confinement fusion. This extremely lightweight option has been studied extensively and to date has produced significant fusion rates of order 1010 reactions per second, but at low power gains, no higher than Q = 10-4. The major loss mechanisms for the state-of-the-art IEC are identified via a detailed reaction rate scaling analysis. The use of a single cathode grid causes short ion lifetimes and operation at high device pressure for simple ion generation both fundamentally limit the efficiency of these devices. Several improvements, including operation at much lower pressure with ion guns and the use of multiple cathode grids, are verified with particle-in-cell modeling to greatly improve the efficiency of IECs. These simulations show that the greatly increased confinement allows for the development of significant collective behavior in the recirculating ions. The plasma self-organizes from an initially uniform state into a synchronized, pulsing collection of ion bunches.

Confinement Limitations in Gridded Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion Devices

2003
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Release : 2003
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Book Synopsis Confinement Limitations in Gridded Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion Devices by : Thomas J. McGuire

Download or read book Confinement Limitations in Gridded Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion Devices written by Thomas J. McGuire. This book was released on 2003. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

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