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A Matter of Bottom-Up or Top-Down Processes: The Role of Attention in Multisensory Integration

2017-07-04
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Release : 2017-07-04
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Book Rating : 933/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis A Matter of Bottom-Up or Top-Down Processes: The Role of Attention in Multisensory Integration by : Jess Hartcher-O'Brien

Download or read book A Matter of Bottom-Up or Top-Down Processes: The Role of Attention in Multisensory Integration written by Jess Hartcher-O'Brien. This book was released on 2017-07-04. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The integration of information from various sensory modalities influences behaviour. It can induce behavioural benefits such as faster reaction times and enhanced detection of noisy signals but may also produce illusions, all of which have been characterized by specific neuronal signatures. Yet, while these effects of multisensory integration are largely accepted, the role of attention in this process is still the object of intense debate. On the one hand, it has been suggested that attention may guide multisensory integration in a top-down fashion by selection of specific inputs to be integrated out of the plethora of information in our environment. On the other hand, there is evidence that integration could occur in a bottom-up manner, based on temporal and spatial correlations, and outside the focus of attention. An extreme example is the multisensory enhancement of neural responses in anesthetised animals. Attention itself is not a unitary construct, and may refer to a range of different selection mechanisms. Therefore, the interplay between attention and multisensory integration can take many forms which explain, in part, the diversity of findings and the disputes in the literature. The goal of this Research Topic is to help clarify the picture by trying to answer the following questions from various perspectives: Under which circumstances does multisensory integration take place without attention?, and, When does attention determine the fate of multisensory integration?

Crossmodal Attention Applied

2020-09-10 Psychology
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Release : 2020-09-10
Genre : Psychology
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Book Rating : 241/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Crossmodal Attention Applied by : Charles Spence

Download or read book Crossmodal Attention Applied written by Charles Spence. This book was released on 2020-09-10. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive neuroscientists have started to uncover the neural substrates, systems, and mechanisms enabling us to prioritize the processing of certain sensory information over other, currently less-relevant, inputs. However, there is still a large gap between the knowledge generated in the laboratory and its application to real-life problems of attention as when, for example, interface operators are multi-tasking. In this Element, laboratory studies on crossmodal attention (both behavioural/psychophysical and cognitive neuroscience) are situated within the applied context of driving. We contrast the often idiosyncratic conditions favoured by much of the laboratory research, typically using a few popular paradigms involving simplified experimental conditions, with the noisy, multisensory, real-world environments filled with complex, intrinsically-meaningful stimuli. By drawing attention to the differences between basic and applied studies in the context of driving, we highlight a number of important issues and neglected areas of research as far as the study of crossmodal attention is concerned.

Turning the Mind’s Eye Inward: The Interplay between Selective Attention and Working Memory

2016-01-21 Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
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Release : 2016-01-21
Genre : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
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Book Rating : 212/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Turning the Mind’s Eye Inward: The Interplay between Selective Attention and Working Memory by : Elger Abrahamse

Download or read book Turning the Mind’s Eye Inward: The Interplay between Selective Attention and Working Memory written by Elger Abrahamse. This book was released on 2016-01-21. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, cognitive sciences have considered selective attention and working memory as largely separated cognitive functions. That is, selective attention as a concept is typically reserved for the processes that allow for the prioritization of specific sensory input, while working memory entails more central structures for maintaining (and operating on) temporary mental representations. However, over the last decades various observations have been reported that question such sharp distinction. Most importantly, information stored in working memory has been shown to modulate selective attention processing – and vice versa. At the theoretical level, these observations are paralleled by an increasingly dominant focus on working memory as (involving) the attended part of long-term memory, with some positions considering that working memory is equivalent to selective attention turned to long-term memory representations – or internal selective attention. This questions the existence of working memory as a dedicated cognitive function and raises the need for integrative accounts of working memory and attention. The next step will be to explore the precise implications of attentional accounts of WM for the understanding of specific aspects and characteristics of WM, such as serial order processing, its modality-specificity, its capacity limitations, its relation with executive functions, as well as the nature of attentional mechanisms involved. This research topic in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience aims at bringing together the latest insights and findings about the interplay between working memory and selective attention.

Advances in Biologically Inspired Information Systems

2007-07-03 Technology & Engineering
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Release : 2007-07-03
Genre : Technology & Engineering
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 934/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Biologically Inspired Information Systems by : Falko Dressler

Download or read book Advances in Biologically Inspired Information Systems written by Falko Dressler. This book was released on 2007-07-03. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology is taking us to a world where myriads of networked devices interact with the physical world in multiple ways and at multiple scales. This book presents a comprehensive overview of the most promising research directions in the area of bio-inspired computing. According to the broad spectrum addressed by the different chapters, a rich variety of biological principles and their application to ICT systems are presented.

The Role of Multisensory Integration in the Bottom-up and Top-down Control of Attentional Object Selection

2013
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Release : 2013
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Book Synopsis The Role of Multisensory Integration in the Bottom-up and Top-down Control of Attentional Object Selection by : Pawel Jerzy Matusz

Download or read book The Role of Multisensory Integration in the Bottom-up and Top-down Control of Attentional Object Selection written by Pawel Jerzy Matusz. This book was released on 2013. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selective spatial attention and multisensory integration have been traditionally considered as separate domains in psychology and cognitive neuroscience. However, theoretical and methodological advancements in the last two decades have paved the way for studying different types of interactions between spatial attention and multisensory integration. In the present thesis, two types of such interactions are investigated. In the first part of the thesis, the role of audiovisual synchrony as a source of bottom-up bias in visual selection was investigated. In six out of seven experiments, a variant of the spatial cueing paradigm was used to compare attentional capture by visual and audiovisual distractors. In another experiment, single-frame search arrays were presented to investigate whether multisensory integration can bias spatial selection via salience-based mechanisms. Behavioural and electrophysiological results demonstrated that the ability of visual objects to capture attention was enhanced when they were accompanied by noninformative auditory signals. They also showed evidence for the bottom-up nature of these audiovisual enhancements of attentional capture by revealing that these enhancements occurred irrespective of the task-relevance of visual objects. In the second part of this thesis, four experiments are reported that investigated the spatial selection of audiovisual relative to visual objects and the guidance of their selection by bimodal object templates. Behavioural and ERP results demonstrated that the ability of task-irrelevant target-matching visual objects to capture attention was reduced during search for audiovisual as compared to purely visual targets, suggesting that bimodal search is guided by integrated audiovisual templates. However, the observation that unimodal targetmatching visual events retained some ability to capture attention indicates that bimodal search is controlled to some extent by modality-specific representations of task-relevant information. In summary, the present thesis has contributed to our knowledge of how attention is controlled in real-life environments by demonstrating that spatial selective attention can be biased towards bimodal objects via salience-driven as well as goal-based mechanisms.

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