Psychology of Reasoning

1972 Philosophy

Author : Peter Cathcart Wason
Release : 1972
Genre : Philosophy
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 272/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Psychology of Reasoning by : Peter Cathcart Wason

Download or read book Psychology of Reasoning written by Peter Cathcart Wason. This book was released on 1972. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the core of the "Psychology of Reasoning" is a vigorous discussion that incorporates various illustrations--some of them humorous, all of them fascinating--of the use of reason under a wide variety of different conditions. Particular emphasis is placed on the difficulties involved in dealing with negatively marked information that must be combined and used with other information for reaching conclusions. Thorough treatment is given as well to the search for plausible contexts that will render anomalous or ambiguous statements "sensible."

Psychology of Reasoning

2004-09-02 Psychology

Author : Ken Manktelow
Release : 2004-09-02
Genre : Psychology
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 68X/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis Psychology of Reasoning by : Ken Manktelow

Download or read book Psychology of Reasoning written by Ken Manktelow. This book was released on 2004-09-02. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection brings together a set of specially commissioned chapters from leading international researchers in the psychology of reasoning. Its purpose is to explore the historical, philosophical and theoretical implications of the development of this field. Taking the unusual approach of engaging not only with empirical data but also with the ideas and concepts underpinning the psychology of reasoning, this volume has important implications both for psychologists and other students of cognition, including philosophers. Sub-fields covered include mental logic, mental models, rational analysis, social judgement theory, game theory and evolutionary theory. There are also specific chapters dedicated to the history of syllogistic reasoning, the psychology of reasoning as it operates in scientific theory and practice, Brunswickian approaches to reasoning and task environments, and the implications of Popper's philosophy for models of behaviour testing. This cross-disciplinary dialogue and the range of material covered makes this an invaluable reference for students and researchers into the psychology and philosophy of reasoning.

The Psychology of Thinking

2015-09-26 Psychology

Author : John Paul Minda
Release : 2015-09-26
Genre : Psychology
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 943/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Psychology of Thinking by : John Paul Minda

Download or read book The Psychology of Thinking written by John Paul Minda. This book was released on 2015-09-26. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we define thinking? Is it simply memory, perception and motor activity or perhaps something more complex such as reasoning and decision making? This book argues that thinking is an intricate mix of all these things and a very specific coordination of cognitive resources. Divided into three key sections, there are chapters on the organization of human thought, general reasoning and thinking and behavioural outcomes of thinking. These three overarching themes provide a broad theoretical framework with which to explore wider issues in cognition and cognitive psychology and there are chapters on motivation and language plus a strong focus on problem solving, reasoning and decision making – all of which are central to a solid understanding of this field. The book also explores the cognitive processes behind perception and memory, how we might differentiate expertise from skilled, competent performance and the interaction between language, culture and thought.

The Psychology of Proof

2003-01-01 Psychology

Author : Lance J. Rips
Release : 2003-01-01
Genre : Psychology
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 213/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Psychology of Proof by : Lance J. Rips

Download or read book The Psychology of Proof written by Lance J. Rips. This book was released on 2003-01-01. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lance Rips describes a unified theory of natural deductive reasoning and fashions a working model of deduction, with strong experimental support, that is capable of playing a central role in mental life. In this provocative book, Lance Rips describes a unified theory of natural deductive reasoning and fashions a working model of deduction, with strong experimental support, that is capable of playing a central role in mental life. Rips argues that certain inference principles are so central to our notion of intelligence and rationality that they deserve serious psychological investigation to determine their role in individuals' beliefs and conjectures. Asserting that cognitive scientists should consider deductive reasoning as a basis for thinking, Rips develops a theory of natural reasoning abilities and shows how it predicts mental successes and failures in a range of cognitive tasks. In parts I and II of the book, Rips builds insights from cognitive psychology, logic, and artificial intelligence into a unified theoretical structure. He defends the idea that deduction depends on the ability to construct mental proofs—actual memory units that link given information to conclusions it warrants. From this base Rips develops a computational model of deduction based on two cognitive skills: the ability to make suppositions or assumptions and the ability to posit sub-goals for conclusions. A wide variety of original experiments support this model, including studies of human subjects evaluating logical arguments as well as following and remembering proofs. Unlike previous theories of mental proof, this one handles names and variables in a general way. This capability enables deduction to play a crucial role in other thought processes, such as classifying and problem solving. In part III, Rips compares the theory to earlier approaches in psychology which confined the study of deduction to a small group of tasks, and examines whether the theory is too rational or too irrational in its mode of thought.

The Psychology of Deductive Reasoning (Psychology Revivals)

2013-12-19 Psychology

Author : Jonathan St. B. T. Evans
Release : 2013-12-19
Genre : Psychology
Kind : eBook
Book Rating : 452/5 ( reviews)

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Book Synopsis The Psychology of Deductive Reasoning (Psychology Revivals) by : Jonathan St. B. T. Evans

Download or read book The Psychology of Deductive Reasoning (Psychology Revivals) written by Jonathan St. B. T. Evans. This book was released on 2013-12-19. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1982, this was an extensive and up-to-date review of research into the psychology of deductive reasoning, Jonathan Evans presents an alternative theoretical framework to the rationalist approach which had dominated much of the published work in this field at the time. The review falls into three sections. The first is concerned with elementary reasoning tasks, in which response latency is the prime measure of interest. The second and third sections are concerned with syllogistic and propositional reasoning respectively, in which interest has focused on the explanation of frequently observed logical errors. In an extended discussion it is argued that reasoning processes are content specific, and give little indication of the operation of any underlying system of logical competence. Finally, a dual process theory of reasoning, with broad implications and connections with other fields of psychology, is elaborated and assessed in the light of recent evidence.

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